{"id":41032,"date":"2023-10-18T01:45:06","date_gmt":"2023-10-18T01:45:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.devopsschool.com\/blog\/?p=41032"},"modified":"2023-10-18T01:52:40","modified_gmt":"2023-10-18T01:52:40","slug":"how-to-do-unit-testing-in-parallel-in-python","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.devopsschool.com\/blog\/how-to-do-unit-testing-in-parallel-in-python\/","title":{"rendered":"How to do unit testing in parallel in Python?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Unit testing in parallel using pytest<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Running unit tests in parallel using <code>pytest<\/code> is a straightforward process, thanks to the built-in parallel test execution capabilities of <code>pytest<\/code>. You can use the <code>-n<\/code> option to specify the number of parallel processes or workers you want to use for test execution. Here&#8217;s how to run unit tests in parallel using <code>pytest<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To do unit testing in parallel using pytest, you can use the <code>pytest-xdist<\/code> plugin. This plugin allows you to distribute your tests across multiple workers, which can significantly improve performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\">To install pytest-xdist, run the following command:\r\n\r\n$ pip install pytest-xdist<\/code><\/span><\/pre>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\">Step <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span> - Install pytest:\r\n\r\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">If<\/span> you haven<span class=\"hljs-string\">'t already installed pytest, you can do so using pip:\r\n\r\n$ pip install pytest\r\n\r\nStep 2 - Organize Your pytest Tests:\r\n\r\ndef test_featureA():\r\n    # Test code for feature A\r\n    pass\r\n\r\ndef test_featureB():\r\n    # Test code for feature B\r\n    pass\r\n\r\n\r\nMake sure you have organized your pytest tests into Python test files and functions as usual. pytest can automatically discover and execute your tests.\r\n\r\nStep 3 - Run Tests in Parallel with pytest:\r\n\r\nTo run your pytest tests in parallel, use the pytest command followed by the -n option and the number of parallel processes you want to use. For example, to run tests in four parallel processes, use:\r\n\r\n$ pytest -n 4\r\n\r\nStep 4 - Replace 4 with the desired number of parallel processes you want to use.\r\n\r\npytest will discover your tests and distribute them across the specified number of processes for parallel execution. You'<\/span>ll see the test results from each process displayed in the terminal.\r\n\r\nStep <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span> - Customize Parallel Execution (Optional):\r\n\r\nYou can further customize parallel test execution using pytest by using various options <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">and<\/span> plugins. <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">For<\/span> example, you can <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">use<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">the<\/span> -<span class=\"hljs-title\">k<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">option<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">to<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">select<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">specific<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">tests<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">to<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">run<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">based<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">on<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">test<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">names<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">or<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">patterns<\/span>. <span class=\"hljs-title\">You<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">can<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">also<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">use<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">pytest<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">plugins<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">to<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">control<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">test<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">distribution<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">and<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">parallel<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">execution<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">in<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">more<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">detail<\/span>.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"hljs-title\">Here<\/span>'<span class=\"hljs-title\">s<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">an<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">example<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">of<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">running<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">pytest<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">with<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">custom<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">test<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">selection<\/span>:\r\n\r\n$ <span class=\"hljs-title\">pytest<\/span> -<span class=\"hljs-title\">n<\/span> 4 -<span class=\"hljs-title\">k<\/span> \"<span class=\"hljs-title\">test_featureA<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">or<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">test_featureB<\/span>\"\r\n\r\n<span class=\"hljs-title\">In<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">this<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">example<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-title\">only<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">tests<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">with<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">names<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">matching<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">test_featureA<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">or<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">test_featureB<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">will<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">be<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">selected<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">for<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">parallel<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">execution<\/span>.<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Unit testing in parallel using unittest<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To run unit tests in parallel using unittest, you can use the <code>unittest-parallel<\/code> package. This package allows you to distribute your tests across multiple threads or processes, which can significantly improve performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To install <code>unittest-parallel<\/code>, run the following command:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\">$ pip install unittest-parallel\n<\/code><\/span><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Once <code>unittest-parallel<\/code> is installed, you can run your tests in parallel by specifying the <code>--parallel<\/code> option to unittest. The <code>--parallel<\/code> option can take one of the following values:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>threads<\/code>: Run tests in parallel using threads.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>processes<\/code>: Run tests in parallel using processes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>all<\/code>: Run tests in parallel using all available threads and processes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>By default, <code>unittest-parallel<\/code> will run tests in parallel using threads. To run tests in parallel using processes, you can specify the <code>--parallel=processes<\/code> option.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, to run all of your tests in parallel using 4 threads, you would run the following command:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\">$ unittest --parallel=threads=4\n<\/code><\/span><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>You can also specify the <code>--parallel-level<\/code> option to control the level of parallelism. The <code>--parallel-level<\/code> option can take one of the following values:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>test_case<\/code>: Run each test case in parallel.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>test_class<\/code>: Run each test class in parallel.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>test_suite<\/code>: Run each test suite in parallel.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>all<\/code>: Run all test cases, classes, and suites in parallel.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>By default, <code>unittest-parallel<\/code> will run tests in parallel at the test case level. To run tests in parallel at the test class level, you can specify the <code>--parallel-level=test_class<\/code> option.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, to run all of your tests in parallel at the test class level using 4 threads, you would run the following command:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\">$ unittest --parallel=threads=4 --parallel-level=test_class\n<\/code><\/span><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>You can also use <code>unittest-parallel<\/code> to run specific tests in parallel. To do this, you can specify the names of the tests to run in parallel using the <code>--parallel-tests<\/code> option.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, to run the <code>TestSum<\/code> and <code>TestList<\/code> test classes in parallel using 4 threads, you would run the following command:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\">$ unittest --parallel=threads=4 --parallel-tests=TestSum,TestList\n<\/code><\/span><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><code>unittest-parallel<\/code> can be a very useful tool for improving the performance of your unit testing process. By running your tests in parallel, you can significantly reduce the time it takes to run your tests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here are some tips for running unit tests in parallel using unittest:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Make sure that your tests are independent of each other. If your tests are dependent on each other, you will not be able to run them in parallel.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use fixtures to set up and tear down the state of your tests. This will help to ensure that your tests are isolated from each other.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use the&nbsp;<code>unittest-parallel<\/code>&nbsp;package to distribute your tests across multiple threads or processes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Specify the&nbsp;<code>--parallel-level<\/code>&nbsp;option to control the level of parallelism.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use the&nbsp;<code>--parallel-tests<\/code>&nbsp;option to run specific tests in parallel.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\">import unittest\r\nimport multiprocessing\r\n\r\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Import your test classes here<\/span>\r\nfrom test_module import MyTestCase\r\n\r\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># List of test classes to run<\/span>\r\ntest_classes = &#91;MyTestCase]\r\n\r\ndef run_tests(test_class):\r\n    suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(test_class)\r\n    unittest.TextTestRunner().run(suite)\r\n\r\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> __name__ == <span class=\"hljs-string\">'__main__'<\/span>:\r\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Number of parallel processes<\/span>\r\n    num_processes = <span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>\r\n\r\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Create a process pool<\/span>\r\n    pool = multiprocessing.Pool(processes=num_processes)\r\n\r\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Run tests in parallel<\/span>\r\n    pool.map(run_tests, test_classes)\r\n\r\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Close the pool<\/span>\r\n    pool.close()\r\n    pool.join()\r\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\">$ python test_runner.py\r\n<\/code><\/span><\/pre>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>In this script:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Import your test classes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Create a list of test classes to run.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Define a <code>run_tests<\/code> function that loads and runs tests from a test class.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use <code>multiprocessing.Pool<\/code> to distribute the test classes across multiple processes and run them in parallel.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Unit testing in parallel using pytest Running unit tests in parallel using pytest is a straightforward process, thanks to the built-in parallel test execution capabilities of pytest. You can use the -n option to specify the number of parallel processes or workers you want to use for test execution. Here&#8217;s how to run unit tests&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-41032","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorised"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.devopsschool.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41032","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.devopsschool.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.devopsschool.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.devopsschool.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.devopsschool.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=41032"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.devopsschool.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41032\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":41037,"href":"https:\/\/www.devopsschool.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41032\/revisions\/41037"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.devopsschool.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=41032"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.devopsschool.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=41032"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.devopsschool.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=41032"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}