No, you cannot natively upload Dependabot security issues directly into SonarQube’s security dashboard, even with SonarQube Community or Developer editions.
SonarQube Enterprise and above offer Vulnerability Data Import, which allows you to ingest third-party security findings (like from Dependabot, Snyk, etc.) and display them in the SonarQube UI.
This feature requires an Enterprise or Data Center license.