Apache Camel handles data transformation across systems through its powerful mediation and routing engine, which supports a wide range of data formats and transformation techniques. It allows developers to seamlessly convert messages between different formats such as XML, JSON, CSV, or Java objects using built-in data formats, type converters, and transformer components. Camel supports both simple and complex transformations through its Enterprise Integration Patterns (EIPs), enabling routing rules that can manipulate, enrich, or aggregate data as it moves between systems. Developers can also integrate custom processors, XSLT, or scripting languages like Groovy for advanced transformation logic. This flexibility ensures that applications built on different technologies can communicate efficiently without manual data mapping or external tools. In essence, Apache Camel acts as a bridge for interoperability, maintaining consistency and accuracy in data exchange across heterogeneous systems.