Effective Azure cost optimization is a continuous discipline that requires a strategic blend of proactive governance, architectural best practices, and leveraging native tooling. The foundational step is implementing a robust governance framework using Azure Policy to enforce tagging standards, which enables accurate cost allocation and chargeback through Cost Management and Billing, where budgets and alerts can be configured for proactive monitoring. Architecturally, the most significant savings come from right-sizing underutilized virtual machines and storage resources, and committing to reserved instances for predictable, long-running workloads to achieve discounts of up to 72% compared to pay-as-you-go pricing. Furthermore, adopting a serverless-first mindset with services like Azure Functions and Logic Apps ensures you pay only for execution time, while automating the shutdown of non-production environments during off-hours eliminates wasteful spending. By combining these technical actions with a FinOps culture of continuous monitoring and accountability, organizations can dramatically reduce their cloud spend without sacrificing performance or scalability.