The foundation engineers usually skip and then pay for. Glyphs, outlines and the difference between a typeface and a font; the metrics — em square, units per em, ascender, descender, cap height, x-height, line gap — that determine spacing and are the cause of most layout surprises; character encoding and how a code point becomes a glyph; and the OpenType tables that make ligatures, kerning and alternates possible.
Topics: Typeface, font, family, face and instance · Glyph outlines: TrueType quadratics vs PostScript cubics · Font metrics: units per em, ascender, descender, cap height, x-height · Line height, leading and where the extra space comes from · Unicode, code points, character-to-glyph mapping and the cmap table · Kerning, ligatures, alternates and OpenType feature tables · Hinting, anti-aliasing and platform rendering differences · Serif, sans, monospace, display and script classifications · Weight, width, slant and optical size as design axes · Why the same font renders differently across operating systems
- Assignments: (1) Inspect a font file and report its metrics, glyph count, supported scripts and features; (2) Explain a line-height discrepancy between two typefaces purely from their metrics
- Capstone: Produce a written analysis of three candidate typefaces for a product, on metrics, coverage, features and file size