kube-hunter is an open-source tool that looks at a Kubernetes cluster the way an unauthenticated attacker would, and reports what it can reach. Where kube-bench inspects configuration from inside a node, kube-hunter probes from a network position and asks a different question: given this vantage point, what is exposed? It is a self-assessment tool for clusters you own and are authorised to test.
It runs in several modes, and the mode is the point. Remote mode scans a named host. Interface mode scans everything reachable from the machine's network interfaces. CIDR mode sweeps a range. Pod mode runs kube-hunter as a pod inside the cluster, which answers the most useful question of all — what does an attacker who has compromised one workload get to see? Findings are grouped into discovery results, which describe what services are reachable, and vulnerability results, which carry an identifier, a category mapped to MITRE ATT&CK for Containers, and remediation guidance.
The class of findings it surfaces is consistent and depressingly common: an API server answering anonymous requests, a kubelet with its read-only port on 10255 open or its authenticated port on 10250 accepting unauthenticated /run and /exec calls, etcd listening without client certificate authentication, an exposed dashboard, cloud instance metadata reachable from inside a pod, and over-privileged service account tokens mounted by default. Every one of those is fixable, and closing them is the actual subject of this training.
Why this skill matters now
Cluster compromise rarely begins with a kernel exploit. It begins with something being reachable that should not have been — a management port bound to all interfaces, a dashboard exposed through an ingress, a node's kubelet answering questions from the pod network, or a service account token that lets one compromised container list secrets across the cluster.
Those exposures are invisible to the tools most teams already run. Image scanners look at packages. Configuration auditors read flags on the node they run on. Neither of them tells you what is actually reachable from the pod network, from another namespace, or from the office VPN — and that reachability is what determines blast radius.
Authorised self-assessment closes that gap, and it is increasingly expected. Security reviews, customer questionnaires and internal red-team programmes all ask whether the cluster's exposed surface has been tested from an attacker's vantage point rather than assumed from the manifest. The skill worth training is not running a scanner; it is scoping the exercise properly, triaging findings honestly, understanding why each exposure matters, and remediating and re-verifying so the finding stays closed.