Gold-Standard Self-Study Textbook + Laboratory Manual + Exam Preparation Roadmap
Research cut-off: 6 October 2026
Primary authority: current Red Hat official EX342, certification, policy, and RHEL 10 documentation
Learner model: 100% home self-study; Red Hat training courses are optional preparation, not assumed
Accuracy rule: If the live Red Hat EX342 page, the candidate’s assigned LMS exam version, or newer official Red Hat documentation differs from this guide, the current Red Hat source wins.
Executive Verification โ What EX342 Is Right Now
As of this guide’s research cut-off:
| Item | Current verified status |
|---|---|
| Exam code | EX342 |
| Exact exam name | Red Hat Certified Advanced System Administrator in Enterprise Linux exam |
| Credential earned by passing EX342 | Red Hat Certified Advanced System Administrator in Enterprise Linux (RHCASA โ Enterprise Linux) |
| Exam style | Hands-on, practical / performance-based |
| Current public exam platform | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.2 |
| Time limit | 4 hours |
| Outside assistance | Not permitted; relevant product documentation is provided in the exam environment |
| Multiple exam versions | Yes. Red Hat states multiple versions may be in use; candidates should check the assigned version/objectives in the Red Hat LMS |
| RHCSA required merely to earn the EX342 credential | Not listed as a mandatory exam-registration prerequisite on the current EX342 page. RHCSA or equivalent systems-administration experience is listed under Recommended Preparation |
| RHCSA required for RHCE in Enterprise Linux | Yes. Current RHCE-Enterprise Linux requirements are EX200 + EX342 |
| Training course RH342 mandatory | No. Red Hat recommends RH342 or similar troubleshooting experience |
| Standard list price | USD $500 in the current Red Hat Certification Program Guide; actual regional price may differ |
| Japan-specific price | Not verified as a fixed public JPY amount. Check the live Red Hat Japan purchase/cart page |
| Free retake | Current policy provides one free retake after an unsuccessful paid first attempt, subject to policy terms |
| Certification currency | Current Red Hat certifications are current for 3 years and must be renewed before becoming non-current |
The 2026 certification relationship
EX342 passed
|
v
Red Hat Certified Advanced System Administrator
in Enterprise Linux
|
+----------------------------+
|
EX200 / RHCSA -------------------+
|
v
Red Hat Certified Engineer
in Enterprise Linux
Important: EX342 is not the same exam as EX294. EX342 is the advanced Enterprise Linux troubleshooting credential. EX294 is the advanced Ansible administration credential in the Ansible track.
2026 name/framework change
On 11 May 2026, Red Hat moved to a specialization-based framework. The credential previously named Red Hat Certified Specialist in Linux Diagnostics and Troubleshooting was renamed Red Hat Certified Advanced System Administrator in Enterprise Linux. Red Hat explicitly states that for these mapped certifications the name changed but the exam SKU, content, description, and difficulty did not change solely because of the framework restructuring.
Official sources:
- EX342:ย https://www.redhat.com/en/services/training/ex342-red-hat-certified-specialist-linux-diagnostics-and-troubleshooting
- Certification framework/catalog:ย https://www.redhat.com/en/services/certifications
- Framework FAQ:ย https://www.redhat.com/en/services/training-and-certification/faq
- RHCE in Enterprise Linux:ย https://www.redhat.com/en/services/certification/red-hat-certified-engineer-in-enterprise-linux
- Certification Program Guide:ย https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_learning_subscription/1-latest/html/red_hat_certification_program_guide/index
PART 1 โ What Is EX342?
1.1 Exact current exam
EX342 โ Red Hat Certified Advanced System Administrator in Enterprise Linux exam
The exam measures the ability to analyze RHEL systems for common issues that can cause degradation or loss of performance, correct those issues when appropriate, or gather forensic/diagnostic information for escalation.
It is a performance-based exam: candidates work on live systems rather than answering conventional multiple-choice questions.
The current public EX342 page states that the exam tasks are based on RHEL 10.2 and the time limit is 4 hours. Red Hat also warns that multiple versions of the exam are in use. Always verify the assigned version and objectives in the LMS before the test.
1.2 What certification do you receive?
Passing EX342 earns:
Red Hat Certified Advanced System Administrator in Enterprise Linux
That credential stands on its own.
To earn Red Hat Certified Engineer in Enterprise Linux, the current certification catalog requires both:
- EX200 / RHCSA, and
- EX342 / RHCASA in Enterprise Linux
Therefore:
Pass EX342 only
= RHCASA in Enterprise Linux
Pass EX200 + EX342
= RHCE in Enterprise Linux
1.3 What EX342 validates
The current Red Hat scope is heavily centered on diagnosis and recovery:
- troubleshooting methodology and documentation
- live monitoring
- RHEL web console
- Ansible-based system configuration
- centralized logging
- file-integrity monitoring with AIDE
- startup and boot recovery
- hardware and kernel-module troubleshooting
- filesystem, LVM, and encrypted-storage recovery
- package/RPM database troubleshooting
- networking and packet inspection
- application dependency, memory, tracing, and SELinux diagnosis
- PAM and local account policy
- kernel crash dumps
- support/diagnostic data collection
This is not a generic “advanced Linux” exam. Every module in this guide maps back to one or more official EX342 objectives.
PART 2 โ EX342 Prerequisites
| Requirement | Mandatory? | Current official Red Hat position | Practical interpretation |
|---|---|---|---|
| RHCSA certification | Not listed as mandatory to sit/pass EX342 itself | Listed under Recommended Preparation as “earned RHCSA or equivalent systems administration experience” | Strongly recommended baseline; required if your final goal is RHCE in Enterprise Linux |
| EX200 | Not listed as mandatory for the standalone EX342 credential | EX200 + EX342 are required for RHCE-Enterprise Linux | You can treat EX342 as its own advanced credential, but RHCE requires both |
| Work experience | No fixed duration published | Red Hat recommends RH342 or similar troubleshooting experience | Practical troubleshooting experience matters; no official number of years is specified |
| RH342 training course | No | Recommended or similar experience | Self-study is possible |
| Another certification | No mandatory certification shown for EX342 credential itself | The EX342 page awards RHCASA on passing | RHCSA remains the foundation for RHCE-Enterprise Linux |
| Another exam | No mandatory prior exam shown for EX342 itself | EX200 is a separate RHCE requirement | Do not confuse certification stacking with exam-registration prerequisites |
Mandatory prerequisite vs recommended preparation vs optional training
Mandatory prerequisite means Red Hat explicitly requires it before the credential can be awarded.
Recommended preparation means Red Hat recommends a background such as RHCSA-level skill or equivalent experience, but the exam page does not list it as a mandatory standalone EX342 prerequisite.
Optional training means a Red Hat course can help, but is not a requirement to self-study or sit the exam unless a future official page explicitly says otherwise.
Current public-page conclusion: The current EX342 page does not list RHCSA as a mandatory prerequisite for the standalone EX342/RHCASA credential; it recommends RHCSA or equivalent experience. The RHCE-Enterprise Linux credential, however, requires EX200 + EX342.
PART 3 โ Current Official EX342 Objectives
The wording below follows the current Red Hat EX342 objective page. These are the source-of-truth domains used throughout this curriculum.
| # | Official objective | Skills represented | Command/tool families | Lab priority |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Understand and employ general methods for troubleshooting | Consult documentation resources to aid in troubleshooting; Monitor systems for vital characteristics; Monitor systems with the RHEL Web console; Configure systems using Ansible; Configure systems to send log messages to a centralized host; Configure systems to monitor files and directories using AIDE | man/journalctl/top/Cockpit/Ansible/rsyslog/AIDE | Critical |
| 2 | Diagnose and troubleshoot system startup issues | Identify and resolve service failures affecting boot; Regain root control of a system; Troubleshoot boot issues; Identify hardware and hardware problems; Manage kernel modules and their parameters | systemctl/journalctl/rescue/grubby/kmod tools | Critical |
| 3 | Diagnose and troubleshoot file system issues | Recover corrupted file systems; Recover misconfigured or broken LVM configurations; Recover data from encrypted file systems | xfs_repair/e2fsck/LVM/cryptsetup | Critical |
| 4 | Resolve package management issues | Resolve package management dependency issues; Recover a corrupted RPM database; Identify and report changed files | dnf/rpm/rpmdb/package verification | Critical |
| 5 | Troubleshoot and fix network connectivity issues | Use standard tools to verify network connectivity; Identify and fix network connectivity issues; Inspect network traffic to aid troubleshooting | ip/nmcli/ss/tcpdump/name-resolution tools | Critical |
| 6 | Diagnose application issues | Identify library dependencies for third-party software; Identify if an application suffers from memory leaks; Use standard tools to debug an application; Identify and fix issues related to SELinux | ldd/readelf/strace/ltrace/valgrind/SELinux tools | Critical |
| 7 | Identify and fix authentication issues | Identify and fix pluggable authentication module (PAM) issues; Identify and enforce local user account policies | authselect/PAM/faillock/chage/account tools | Critical |
| 8 | Gather information to aid third-party investigation of issues | Create kernel crash dumps; Collect system information to aid in troubleshooting | kdump/sos/journal/kernel/system inventory | Critical |
Objective coverage check
1. Understand and employ general methods for troubleshooting
- [ ] Consult documentation resources to aid in troubleshooting
- [ ] Monitor systems for vital characteristics
- [ ] Monitor systems with the RHEL Web console
- [ ] Configure systems using Ansible
- [ ] Configure systems to send log messages to a centralized host
- [ ] Configure systems to monitor files and directories using AIDE
2. Diagnose and troubleshoot system startup issues
- [ ] Identify and resolve service failures affecting boot
- [ ] Regain root control of a system
- [ ] Troubleshoot boot issues
- [ ] Identify hardware and hardware problems
- [ ] Manage kernel modules and their parameters
3. Diagnose and troubleshoot file system issues
- [ ] Recover corrupted file systems
- [ ] Recover misconfigured or broken LVM configurations
- [ ] Recover data from encrypted file systems
4. Resolve package management issues
- [ ] Resolve package management dependency issues
- [ ] Recover a corrupted RPM database
- [ ] Identify and report changed files
5. Troubleshoot and fix network connectivity issues
- [ ] Use standard tools to verify network connectivity
- [ ] Identify and fix network connectivity issues
- [ ] Inspect network traffic to aid troubleshooting
6. Diagnose application issues
- [ ] Identify library dependencies for third-party software
- [ ] Identify if an application suffers from memory leaks
- [ ] Use standard tools to debug an application
- [ ] Identify and fix issues related to SELinux
7. Identify and fix authentication issues
- [ ] Identify and fix pluggable authentication module (PAM) issues
- [ ] Identify and enforce local user account policies
8. Gather information to aid third-party investigation of issues
- [ ] Create kernel crash dumps
- [ ] Collect system information to aid in troubleshooting
PART 4 โ Objective-by-Objective Breakdown
Objective 1 โ Understand and employ general methods for troubleshooting
What does this objective mean?
Build a repeatable troubleshooting method. Begin with the reported symptom, establish scope and timeline, collect evidence, compare actual state with intended state, test one hypothesis at a time, make the smallest safe correction, then verify persistence. EX342 explicitly includes monitoring, the RHEL web console, Ansible configuration, centralized logging, and AIDE.
What must the candidate know and be able to do?
- Consult documentation resources to aid in troubleshooting
- Monitor systems for vital characteristics
- Monitor systems with the RHEL Web console
- Configure systems using Ansible
- Configure systems to send log messages to a centralized host
- Configure systems to monitor files and directories using AIDE
Core command families
man, info, journalctl, dmesg, systemctl, ps, top, vmstat, free, uptime, iostat, ss, lsof, cockpit, ansible, ansible-playbook, logger, rsyslogd -N1, aide --init, aide --check, aide --update
Configuration and evidence locations
/etc/rsyslog.conf, /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf, /etc/aide.conf, /var/lib/aide/, /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg, inventory files
Hands-on lab sequence
- Monitor CPU, memory, processes, storage, and network activity from both CLI and RHEL web console.
- Prepare a small Ansible control node and make an idempotent change on two managed nodes.
- Configure node2 as a centralized rsyslog receiver and send logs from node1; verify by generating messages with logger.
- Initialize AIDE, modify monitored files, detect the change, update the approved baseline, and verify a clean result.
Verification standard
Do not stop at ‘the command completed.’ Verify the requested service/state, review logs for residual errors, andโwhere persistence mattersโreboot or restart the relevant lifecycle component and verify again.
Troubleshooting drill
Break rsyslog forwarding, corrupt an Ansible inventory entry, stop cockpit.socket, and change an AIDE-monitored file. Diagnose each from observable evidence.
Original exam-style practice task
A managed system is not forwarding logs, a required configuration differs from the desired Ansible state, and AIDE reports a file change. Restore and verify all three.
Completion criteria
- [ ] I can recognize the symptom without being told the root cause.
- [ ] I can collect useful evidence before changing the system.
- [ ] I can repair the fault without unrelated changes.
- [ ] I can verify the final state.
- [ ] I can make the fix persistent where required.
- [ ] I can repeat the task from a fresh snapshot without notes.
Objective 2 โ Diagnose and troubleshoot system startup issues
What does this objective mean?
Startup troubleshooting requires distinguishing boot-loader, kernel/initramfs, systemd target, mount, and service failures. RHEL 10 documentation also provides installation-media rescue mode for systems that cannot boot normally. Kernel-module tasks include inspecting loaded modules, parameters, dependencies, loading/unloading, and persistent configuration.
What must the candidate know and be able to do?
- Identify and resolve service failures affecting boot
- Regain root control of a system
- Troubleshoot boot issues
- Identify hardware and hardware problems
- Manage kernel modules and their parameters
Core command families
systemctl --failed, systemctl status, systemctl list-dependencies, journalctl -b, journalctl -b -1, dmesg, grubby, lsmod, modinfo, modprobe, modprobe -r, depmod, lspci, lsusb, lscpu, lsblk, fdisk -l, chroot
Configuration and evidence locations
/etc/systemd/system/, /usr/lib/systemd/system/, /etc/modules-load.d/.conf, /etc/modprobe.d/.conf, /boot/loader/entries/, /etc/default/grub
Hands-on lab sequence
- Create a boot failure caused by a bad systemd dependency and recover from it.
- Boot RHEL installation media into rescue mode, mount the installed system, chroot, inspect logs and configuration, then exit safely.
- Load and unload a harmless kernel module, inspect its parameters, configure persistent loading, reboot, and verify.
- Blacklist a lab-safe module temporarily and permanently, then reverse the change.
Verification standard
Do not stop at ‘the command completed.’ Verify the requested service/state, review logs for residual errors, andโwhere persistence mattersโreboot or restart the relevant lifecycle component and verify again.
Troubleshooting drill
Introduce an invalid persistent mount or failed required service; recover using console/rescue access. Simulate a wrong kernel-module setting and confirm the effect after reboot.
Original exam-style practice task
A VM stops during startup because of a configuration fault. Regain administrative control, identify the failure from evidence, correct it, boot normally, and prove the fix survives another reboot.
Completion criteria
- [ ] I can recognize the symptom without being told the root cause.
- [ ] I can collect useful evidence before changing the system.
- [ ] I can repair the fault without unrelated changes.
- [ ] I can verify the final state.
- [ ] I can make the fix persistent where required.
- [ ] I can repeat the task from a fresh snapshot without notes.
Objective 3 โ Diagnose and troubleshoot file system issues
What does this objective mean?
EX342 is recovery-focused rather than merely creation-focused. You must be able to recognize filesystem damage, choose the correct filesystem-specific recovery tool, recover LVM metadata carefully, and diagnose encrypted-volume problems without destroying recoverable data.
What must the candidate know and be able to do?
- Recover corrupted file systems
- Recover misconfigured or broken LVM configurations
- Recover data from encrypted file systems
Core command families
lsblk -f, blkid, findmnt, mount, umount, xfs_repair, e2fsck, xfs_metadump, pvs, vgs, lvs, pvscan, vgscan, lvscan, lvmdump, vgcfgbackup, vgcfgrestore, pvcreate --uuid --restorefile, lvchange, cryptsetup luksDump, cryptsetup open, cryptsetup close
Configuration and evidence locations
/etc/fstab, /etc/crypttab, /etc/lvm/lvm.conf, /etc/lvm/backup/, /etc/lvm/archive/
Hands-on lab sequence
- Create XFS and ext4 lab filesystems, take snapshots, then practice safe unmount/check/repair procedures appropriate to each filesystem.
- Back up LVM metadata, damage only the disposable lab PV metadata, recover it from /etc/lvm/archive, activate the LV, and verify data.
- Create a LUKS volume, record identifiers safely, break only its boot-time mapping configuration, recover access, and verify files.
- Practice collecting evidence before running destructive repair options; document when a last-resort option would risk data loss.
Verification standard
Do not stop at ‘the command completed.’ Verify the requested service/state, review logs for residual errors, andโwhere persistence mattersโreboot or restart the relevant lifecycle component and verify again.
Troubleshooting drill
Wrong UUID in fstab, missing PV metadata, inactive VG/LV, damaged XFS metadata in a disposable filesystem, incorrect crypttab entry.
Original exam-style practice task
Restore three storage failures: a filesystem that will not mount, an LVM stack that is incomplete, and an encrypted volume whose data must remain intact.
Completion criteria
- [ ] I can recognize the symptom without being told the root cause.
- [ ] I can collect useful evidence before changing the system.
- [ ] I can repair the fault without unrelated changes.
- [ ] I can verify the final state.
- [ ] I can make the fix persistent where required.
- [ ] I can repeat the task from a fresh snapshot without notes.
Objective 4 โ Resolve package management issues
What does this objective mean?
The objective is not generic package installation. It is diagnosing dependency problems, recovering an unusable RPM database, and identifying files that differ from package metadata. Practice DNF dependency reasoning, package ownership queries, package verification, and database recovery on disposable snapshots.
What must the candidate know and be able to do?
- Resolve package management dependency issues
- Recover a corrupted RPM database
- Identify and report changed files
Core command families
dnf repolist, dnf list, dnf info, dnf repoquery, dnf provides, dnf install, dnf reinstall, dnf remove, dnf clean all, rpm -qa, rpm -qf, rpm -ql, rpm -V, rpm -Va, rpm --rebuilddb
Configuration and evidence locations
/etc/dnf/dnf.conf, /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo, RPM database under /var/lib/rpm/
Hands-on lab sequence
- Create a repository/dependency failure and determine whether the root cause is repository availability, architecture, version, or missing dependency.
- Modify a packaged configuration/binary copy and use RPM verification to identify the change.
- On a snapshot-only lab clone, simulate RPM database trouble, preserve evidence/backups, rebuild the database, and verify rpm/dnf operation.
- Reinstall a package to restore changed package-owned files and confirm with verification.
Verification standard
Do not stop at ‘the command completed.’ Verify the requested service/state, review logs for residual errors, andโwhere persistence mattersโreboot or restart the relevant lifecycle component and verify again.
Troubleshooting drill
Disable a needed repository, create an impossible package dependency in a lab RPM scenario, change a package-owned file, and damage a disposable copy of the RPM database.
Original exam-style practice task
Restore package management to a working state and produce evidence identifying which package-owned files had changed.
Completion criteria
- [ ] I can recognize the symptom without being told the root cause.
- [ ] I can collect useful evidence before changing the system.
- [ ] I can repair the fault without unrelated changes.
- [ ] I can verify the final state.
- [ ] I can make the fix persistent where required.
- [ ] I can repeat the task from a fresh snapshot without notes.
Objective 5 โ Troubleshoot and fix network connectivity issues
What does this objective mean?
Troubleshoot systematically from link state and addressing through route selection, name resolution, socket/listener state, firewall, and application reachability. Packet inspection is explicitly in scope, so you must know when tcpdump evidence proves where traffic stops.
What must the candidate know and be able to do?
- Use standard tools to verify network connectivity
- Identify and fix network connectivity issues
- Inspect network traffic to aid troubleshooting
Core command families
ip link, ip addr, ip route, ip neigh, nmcli, ping, tracepath, getent hosts, resolvectl, ss -lntup, ethtool, tcpdump, curl, nc, firewall-cmd, journalctl -u NetworkManager
Configuration and evidence locations
/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/*.nmconnection, /etc/hosts, /etc/resolv.conf, /etc/firewalld/
Hands-on lab sequence
- Create two static lab networks and verify L2/L3 connectivity and routes.
- Break DNS while leaving IP connectivity intact; diagnose by comparing address-based and name-based tests.
- Create a wrong gateway or prefix and diagnose route selection.
- Capture ICMP and TCP handshakes with tcpdump; distinguish no route, filtered traffic, connection refused, and successful handshake.
Verification standard
Do not stop at ‘the command completed.’ Verify the requested service/state, review logs for residual errors, andโwhere persistence mattersโreboot or restart the relevant lifecycle component and verify again.
Troubleshooting drill
Wrong IP/prefix, missing route, incorrect DNS, stopped listener, firewall block, duplicate address, disabled NetworkManager profile.
Original exam-style practice task
A service is reachable from localhost but not from another VM. Identify the failing layer using standard tools and packet capture, fix it, and verify persistence.
Completion criteria
- [ ] I can recognize the symptom without being told the root cause.
- [ ] I can collect useful evidence before changing the system.
- [ ] I can repair the fault without unrelated changes.
- [ ] I can verify the final state.
- [ ] I can make the fix persistent where required.
- [ ] I can repeat the task from a fresh snapshot without notes.
Objective 6 โ Diagnose application issues
What does this objective mean?
EX342 expects operational application diagnosis. You should be able to inspect dynamic-library dependencies, identify memory-growth problems, trace process behavior, work with core dumps where useful, and prove whether SELinux is the cause rather than disabling it reflexively.
What must the candidate know and be able to do?
- Identify library dependencies for third-party software
- Identify if an application suffers from memory leaks
- Use standard tools to debug an application
- Identify and fix issues related to SELinux
Core command families
ldd, readelf, objdump, file, strace, ltrace, gdb, coredumpctl, pgrep, ps, top, vmstat, valgrind, ausearch, journalctl -t setroubleshoot, getenforce, setenforce, restorecon, semanage
Configuration and evidence locations
/etc/ld.so.conf, /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf, /var/log/audit/audit.log, SELinux file-context policy database
Hands-on lab sequence
- Build or install a small test binary, inspect shared-library requirements, and diagnose a missing-library scenario.
- Run a deliberately leaky test program under valgrind memcheck and correlate increasing memory with process monitoring.
- Use strace to identify a failed file open or permission error.
- Create an SELinux denial using a nonstandard content path, identify the AVC record, correct the labeling/policy-compatible configuration, and verify while enforcing.
Verification standard
Do not stop at ‘the command completed.’ Verify the requested service/state, review logs for residual errors, andโwhere persistence mattersโreboot or restart the relevant lifecycle component and verify again.
Troubleshooting drill
Missing shared object, wrong library path, application permission failure, memory leak in a disposable test program, wrong SELinux label.
Original exam-style practice task
Diagnose why a third-party service fails after relocation to a nonstandard path, prove the root cause with tracing/log evidence, and restore operation without disabling SELinux.
Completion criteria
- [ ] I can recognize the symptom without being told the root cause.
- [ ] I can collect useful evidence before changing the system.
- [ ] I can repair the fault without unrelated changes.
- [ ] I can verify the final state.
- [ ] I can make the fix persistent where required.
- [ ] I can repeat the task from a fresh snapshot without notes.
Objective 7 โ Identify and fix authentication issues
What does this objective mean?
Authentication faults can lock administrators out, so use snapshots and console access. Understand PAM stack order and control behavior at an operational level, authselect-generated configuration, local account aging/locking policy, and how to distinguish authentication failure from authorization or account-expiry failure.
What must the candidate know and be able to do?
- Identify and fix pluggable authentication module (PAM) issues
- Identify and enforce local user account policies
Core command families
authselect current, authselect check, authselect select, passwd, chage, faillock, getent passwd, getent shadow, su, loginctl, journalctl, grep
Configuration and evidence locations
/etc/pam.d/, /etc/security/, /etc/login.defs, /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/nsswitch.conf, authselect profiles
Hands-on lab sequence
- Inspect the active authselect profile and map generated PAM/NSS configuration.
- Create a test account with password aging and expiration constraints; verify the resulting login behavior.
- Trigger and clear a lab account lockout safely.
- Create a custom authselect lab profile, introduce a controlled PAM problem, diagnose it from logs and stack behavior, then restore.
Verification standard
Do not stop at ‘the command completed.’ Verify the requested service/state, review logs for residual errors, andโwhere persistence mattersโreboot or restart the relevant lifecycle component and verify again.
Troubleshooting drill
Expired account, locked user, invalid PAM module reference in a disposable profile, inconsistent authselect state.
Original exam-style practice task
A valid local user cannot authenticate. Determine whether the cause is account policy, lockout, PAM stack, or identity lookup; fix only the actual cause and verify.
Completion criteria
- [ ] I can recognize the symptom without being told the root cause.
- [ ] I can collect useful evidence before changing the system.
- [ ] I can repair the fault without unrelated changes.
- [ ] I can verify the final state.
- [ ] I can make the fix persistent where required.
- [ ] I can repeat the task from a fresh snapshot without notes.
Objective 8 โ Gather information to aid third-party investigation of issues
What does this objective mean?
EX342 includes creating kernel crash dumps and collecting system information for escalation. Learn the purpose of kdump and the capture kernel, how to verify configuration, where crash data goes, and how to create a diagnostic archive with sos. The goal is to preserve useful evidence for a third party, not merely ‘make the error disappear’.
What must the candidate know and be able to do?
- Create kernel crash dumps
- Collect system information to aid in troubleshooting
Core command families
kdumpctl status, systemctl status kdump, journalctl -u kdump, sysctl, grubby, sos report, uname -a, lsmod, rpm -qa, dmesg, journalctl
Configuration and evidence locations
/etc/kdump.conf, boot/kernel command-line configuration, /var/crash/, /var/tmp/ (sos archives)
Hands-on lab sequence
- Enable and verify kdump in a disposable VM with enough memory; inspect reserved crash-kernel configuration.
- Create an sos report on a healthy node and inventory what kinds of data it collects.
- Boot a lab node into RHEL rescue mode and generate an sos report from the installed system.
- Practice preserving logs and diagnostic data before making repairs.
Verification standard
Do not stop at ‘the command completed.’ Verify the requested service/state, review logs for residual errors, andโwhere persistence mattersโreboot or restart the relevant lifecycle component and verify again.
Troubleshooting drill
kdump service not ready, invalid dump target in a disposable configuration, insufficient/incorrect crash-kernel setup, sos unable to collect a chosen plugin due to missing package.
Original exam-style practice task
Prepare a failing host for escalation: verify crash-dump capability, gather a complete diagnostic archive, and document the minimum evidence needed to reproduce the incident.
Completion criteria
- [ ] I can recognize the symptom without being told the root cause.
- [ ] I can collect useful evidence before changing the system.
- [ ] I can repair the fault without unrelated changes.
- [ ] I can verify the final state.
- [ ] I can make the fix persistent where required.
- [ ] I can repeat the task from a fresh snapshot without notes.
PART 5 โ Complete EX342 Curriculum
Module 0 โ RHCSA Baseline and Safe Troubleshooting Habits
Mapping: Prerequisite/background, not a separate EX342 objective
Concepts
EX342 assumes you can already administer RHEL and then diagnose failures. Before beginning advanced work, you should be comfortable with users, permissions, systemd, basic storage, DNF, SELinux, NetworkManager, SSH, text editing, shell redirection, and the normal boot process. This is preparation, not a new official EX342 objective.
Commands
man, info, apropos, systemctl, journalctl, dmesg, ps, top, ip, ss, nmcli, lsblk, findmnt, mount, dnf, rpm, getenforce, ausearch
Important configuration/evidence
/etc/fstab, /etc/default/grub, /etc/systemd/system/, /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/, /etc/selinux/config
Required labs
- Build a clean RHEL 10.2 VM and record a baseline: services, mounts, routes, repositories, SELinux state, kernel, packages.
- Create a rollback point, intentionally misconfigure one noncritical service, diagnose it, repair it, and document the evidence chain.
- Practice collecting facts first and changing configuration only after forming a hypothesis.
Break/fix drill
Introduce a wrong mount, disabled service, incorrect DNS entry, and SELinux denial one at a time. For every incident, record symptom โ evidence โ root cause โ fix โ verification.
Timed task
Given a host with three independent faults, restore normal operation without reinstalling the OS and write down the exact verification commands.
Module 1 โ General Troubleshooting, Monitoring, Cockpit, Ansible, Logging, and AIDE
Mapping: Understand and employ general methods for troubleshooting
Concepts
Build a repeatable troubleshooting method. Begin with the reported symptom, establish scope and timeline, collect evidence, compare actual state with intended state, test one hypothesis at a time, make the smallest safe correction, then verify persistence. EX342 explicitly includes monitoring, the RHEL web console, Ansible configuration, centralized logging, and AIDE.
Commands
man, info, journalctl, dmesg, systemctl, ps, top, vmstat, free, uptime, iostat, ss, lsof, cockpit, ansible, ansible-playbook, logger, rsyslogd -N1, aide --init, aide --check, aide --update
Important configuration/evidence
/etc/rsyslog.conf, /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf, /etc/aide.conf, /var/lib/aide/, /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg, inventory files
Required labs
- Monitor CPU, memory, processes, storage, and network activity from both CLI and RHEL web console.
- Prepare a small Ansible control node and make an idempotent change on two managed nodes.
- Configure node2 as a centralized rsyslog receiver and send logs from node1; verify by generating messages with logger.
- Initialize AIDE, modify monitored files, detect the change, update the approved baseline, and verify a clean result.
Break/fix drill
Break rsyslog forwarding, corrupt an Ansible inventory entry, stop cockpit.socket, and change an AIDE-monitored file. Diagnose each from observable evidence.
Timed task
A managed system is not forwarding logs, a required configuration differs from the desired Ansible state, and AIDE reports a file change. Restore and verify all three.
Module 2 โ Startup, Boot Recovery, Hardware, and Kernel Modules
Mapping: Diagnose and troubleshoot system startup issues
Concepts
Startup troubleshooting requires distinguishing boot-loader, kernel/initramfs, systemd target, mount, and service failures. RHEL 10 documentation also provides installation-media rescue mode for systems that cannot boot normally. Kernel-module tasks include inspecting loaded modules, parameters, dependencies, loading/unloading, and persistent configuration.
Commands
systemctl --failed, systemctl status, systemctl list-dependencies, journalctl -b, journalctl -b -1, dmesg, grubby, lsmod, modinfo, modprobe, modprobe -r, depmod, lspci, lsusb, lscpu, lsblk, fdisk -l, chroot
Important configuration/evidence
/etc/systemd/system/, /usr/lib/systemd/system/, /etc/modules-load.d/.conf, /etc/modprobe.d/.conf, /boot/loader/entries/, /etc/default/grub
Required labs
- Create a boot failure caused by a bad systemd dependency and recover from it.
- Boot RHEL installation media into rescue mode, mount the installed system, chroot, inspect logs and configuration, then exit safely.
- Load and unload a harmless kernel module, inspect its parameters, configure persistent loading, reboot, and verify.
- Blacklist a lab-safe module temporarily and permanently, then reverse the change.
Break/fix drill
Introduce an invalid persistent mount or failed required service; recover using console/rescue access. Simulate a wrong kernel-module setting and confirm the effect after reboot.
Timed task
A VM stops during startup because of a configuration fault. Regain administrative control, identify the failure from evidence, correct it, boot normally, and prove the fix survives another reboot.
Module 3 โ Filesystem, LVM, and Encrypted-Storage Recovery
Mapping: Diagnose and troubleshoot file system issues
Concepts
EX342 is recovery-focused rather than merely creation-focused. You must be able to recognize filesystem damage, choose the correct filesystem-specific recovery tool, recover LVM metadata carefully, and diagnose encrypted-volume problems without destroying recoverable data.
Commands
lsblk -f, blkid, findmnt, mount, umount, xfs_repair, e2fsck, xfs_metadump, pvs, vgs, lvs, pvscan, vgscan, lvscan, lvmdump, vgcfgbackup, vgcfgrestore, pvcreate --uuid --restorefile, lvchange, cryptsetup luksDump, cryptsetup open, cryptsetup close
Important configuration/evidence
/etc/fstab, /etc/crypttab, /etc/lvm/lvm.conf, /etc/lvm/backup/, /etc/lvm/archive/
Required labs
- Create XFS and ext4 lab filesystems, take snapshots, then practice safe unmount/check/repair procedures appropriate to each filesystem.
- Back up LVM metadata, damage only the disposable lab PV metadata, recover it from /etc/lvm/archive, activate the LV, and verify data.
- Create a LUKS volume, record identifiers safely, break only its boot-time mapping configuration, recover access, and verify files.
- Practice collecting evidence before running destructive repair options; document when a last-resort option would risk data loss.
Break/fix drill
Wrong UUID in fstab, missing PV metadata, inactive VG/LV, damaged XFS metadata in a disposable filesystem, incorrect crypttab entry.
Timed task
Restore three storage failures: a filesystem that will not mount, an LVM stack that is incomplete, and an encrypted volume whose data must remain intact.
Module 4 โ Package and RPM Database Troubleshooting
Mapping: Resolve package management issues
Concepts
The objective is not generic package installation. It is diagnosing dependency problems, recovering an unusable RPM database, and identifying files that differ from package metadata. Practice DNF dependency reasoning, package ownership queries, package verification, and database recovery on disposable snapshots.
Commands
dnf repolist, dnf list, dnf info, dnf repoquery, dnf provides, dnf install, dnf reinstall, dnf remove, dnf clean all, rpm -qa, rpm -qf, rpm -ql, rpm -V, rpm -Va, rpm --rebuilddb
Important configuration/evidence
/etc/dnf/dnf.conf, /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo, RPM database under /var/lib/rpm/
Required labs
- Create a repository/dependency failure and determine whether the root cause is repository availability, architecture, version, or missing dependency.
- Modify a packaged configuration/binary copy and use RPM verification to identify the change.
- On a snapshot-only lab clone, simulate RPM database trouble, preserve evidence/backups, rebuild the database, and verify rpm/dnf operation.
- Reinstall a package to restore changed package-owned files and confirm with verification.
Break/fix drill
Disable a needed repository, create an impossible package dependency in a lab RPM scenario, change a package-owned file, and damage a disposable copy of the RPM database.
Timed task
Restore package management to a working state and produce evidence identifying which package-owned files had changed.
Module 5 โ Network Connectivity and Packet Inspection
Mapping: Troubleshoot and fix network connectivity issues
Concepts
Troubleshoot systematically from link state and addressing through route selection, name resolution, socket/listener state, firewall, and application reachability. Packet inspection is explicitly in scope, so you must know when tcpdump evidence proves where traffic stops.
Commands
ip link, ip addr, ip route, ip neigh, nmcli, ping, tracepath, getent hosts, resolvectl, ss -lntup, ethtool, tcpdump, curl, nc, firewall-cmd, journalctl -u NetworkManager
Important configuration/evidence
/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/*.nmconnection, /etc/hosts, /etc/resolv.conf, /etc/firewalld/
Required labs
- Create two static lab networks and verify L2/L3 connectivity and routes.
- Break DNS while leaving IP connectivity intact; diagnose by comparing address-based and name-based tests.
- Create a wrong gateway or prefix and diagnose route selection.
- Capture ICMP and TCP handshakes with tcpdump; distinguish no route, filtered traffic, connection refused, and successful handshake.
Break/fix drill
Wrong IP/prefix, missing route, incorrect DNS, stopped listener, firewall block, duplicate address, disabled NetworkManager profile.
Timed task
A service is reachable from localhost but not from another VM. Identify the failing layer using standard tools and packet capture, fix it, and verify persistence.
Module 6 โ Application Dependencies, Memory Leaks, Debugging, and SELinux
Mapping: Diagnose application issues
Concepts
EX342 expects operational application diagnosis. You should be able to inspect dynamic-library dependencies, identify memory-growth problems, trace process behavior, work with core dumps where useful, and prove whether SELinux is the cause rather than disabling it reflexively.
Commands
ldd, readelf, objdump, file, strace, ltrace, gdb, coredumpctl, pgrep, ps, top, vmstat, valgrind, ausearch, journalctl -t setroubleshoot, getenforce, setenforce, restorecon, semanage
Important configuration/evidence
/etc/ld.so.conf, /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf, /var/log/audit/audit.log, SELinux file-context policy database
Required labs
- Build or install a small test binary, inspect shared-library requirements, and diagnose a missing-library scenario.
- Run a deliberately leaky test program under valgrind memcheck and correlate increasing memory with process monitoring.
- Use strace to identify a failed file open or permission error.
- Create an SELinux denial using a nonstandard content path, identify the AVC record, correct the labeling/policy-compatible configuration, and verify while enforcing.
Break/fix drill
Missing shared object, wrong library path, application permission failure, memory leak in a disposable test program, wrong SELinux label.
Timed task
Diagnose why a third-party service fails after relocation to a nonstandard path, prove the root cause with tracing/log evidence, and restore operation without disabling SELinux.
Module 7 โ PAM and Local Account Policy Troubleshooting
Mapping: Identify and fix authentication issues
Concepts
Authentication faults can lock administrators out, so use snapshots and console access. Understand PAM stack order and control behavior at an operational level, authselect-generated configuration, local account aging/locking policy, and how to distinguish authentication failure from authorization or account-expiry failure.
Commands
authselect current, authselect check, authselect select, passwd, chage, faillock, getent passwd, getent shadow, su, loginctl, journalctl, grep
Important configuration/evidence
/etc/pam.d/, /etc/security/, /etc/login.defs, /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/nsswitch.conf, authselect profiles
Required labs
- Inspect the active authselect profile and map generated PAM/NSS configuration.
- Create a test account with password aging and expiration constraints; verify the resulting login behavior.
- Trigger and clear a lab account lockout safely.
- Create a custom authselect lab profile, introduce a controlled PAM problem, diagnose it from logs and stack behavior, then restore.
Break/fix drill
Expired account, locked user, invalid PAM module reference in a disposable profile, inconsistent authselect state.
Timed task
A valid local user cannot authenticate. Determine whether the cause is account policy, lockout, PAM stack, or identity lookup; fix only the actual cause and verify.
Module 8 โ Kernel Crash Dumps and Support Data Collection
Mapping: Gather information to aid third-party investigation of issues
Concepts
EX342 includes creating kernel crash dumps and collecting system information for escalation. Learn the purpose of kdump and the capture kernel, how to verify configuration, where crash data goes, and how to create a diagnostic archive with sos. The goal is to preserve useful evidence for a third party, not merely ‘make the error disappear’.
Commands
kdumpctl status, systemctl status kdump, journalctl -u kdump, sysctl, grubby, sos report, uname -a, lsmod, rpm -qa, dmesg, journalctl
Important configuration/evidence
/etc/kdump.conf, boot/kernel command-line configuration, /var/crash/, /var/tmp/ (sos archives)
Required labs
- Enable and verify kdump in a disposable VM with enough memory; inspect reserved crash-kernel configuration.
- Create an sos report on a healthy node and inventory what kinds of data it collects.
- Boot a lab node into RHEL rescue mode and generate an sos report from the installed system.
- Practice preserving logs and diagnostic data before making repairs.
Break/fix drill
kdump service not ready, invalid dump target in a disposable configuration, insufficient/incorrect crash-kernel setup, sos unable to collect a chosen plugin due to missing package.
Timed task
Prepare a failing host for escalation: verify crash-dump capability, gather a complete diagnostic archive, and document the minimum evidence needed to reproduce the incident.
Module 9 โ Integrated Enterprise Troubleshooting
Mapping: All official EX342 objectives
Concepts
Real incidents cross subsystem boundaries. A boot symptom can be storage; an application symptom can be SELinux or networking; an authentication symptom can be account policy rather than PAM. This module trains evidence-driven isolation across layers.
Commands
All commands from Modules 1โ8, selected by evidence rather than habit
Important configuration/evidence
All relevant configuration from Modules 1โ8
Required labs
- Multi-fault incident: failed boot + LVM issue + bad service dependency.
- Application outage: DNS + SELinux + package file drift.
- Authentication outage: PAM/profile issue + account lockout.
- Support escalation: collect packet capture, sos report, relevant logs, RPM verification, and a concise incident timeline.
Break/fix drill
Use random-but-documented fault injection from your own lab catalog. Never stack more faults than you can independently verify and reverse.
Timed task
Complete a timed four-host incident set while preserving persistence, documenting verification, and avoiding unnecessary configuration changes.
PART 6 โ Home Lab Architecture
Recommended minimum practical topology
The following is a curriculum design recommendation, not an official Red Hat exam requirement.
HOME LAB
|
NAT / Internet Access
|
Host-only Lab Network
|
------------------------------------------------
| | |
mgmt01.lab.local node01.lab.local node02.lab.local
192.168.56.10 192.168.56.11 192.168.56.12
| | |
Ansible control Primary break/fix Logging/peer
Central rsyslog Extra virtual disks Network peer
Documentation host LVM/LUKS/filesystems Secondary target
Why three VMs?
A single VM can teach many commands, but current EX342 objectives explicitly include:
- configuring systems using Ansible;
- sending logs to a centralized host;
- networking and packet inspection;
- advanced recovery.
Three VMs make those objectives realistic without requiring a corporate environment.
Suggested resources
| VM | vCPU | RAM | System disk | Extra disks | Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mgmt01 | 2 | 3โ4 GB | 40 GB | optional | Ansible + log server |
| node01 | 2 | 4 GB | 50โ60 GB | 2โ3 ร 8โ12 GB | primary recovery target |
| node02 | 2 | 3โ4 GB | 40 GB | 1 ร 8โ12 GB | peer/log/client target |
Host recommendation: 16 GB RAM works for a careful three-VM lab; 24โ32 GB is more comfortable. CPU/RAM figures are study-lab recommendations, not Red Hat exam requirements.
Networking
Use two adapters per VM where practical:
- NATย โ registration, package downloads, documentation access.
- Host-only/internal networkย โ deterministic private addressing and safe break/fix networking.
Bridged networking is optional and should be used only when you understand the impact on your real LAN.
Snapshot strategy
Maintain at least:
00-clean-rhel1010-baseline-tools20-storage-ready30-network-readybefore-dangerous-lab
Snapshot before filesystem corruption, LVM metadata recovery, PAM changes, bootloader work, or RPM database recovery.
Lab reset discipline
After an advanced failure lab:
- verify the recovery;
- export your notes;
- restore the clean snapshot;
- repeat without notes;
- rebuild from scratch periodically so snapshot dependence does not hide gaps.
PART 7 โ Home Lab Options
Official RHEL access
Red Hat currently provides a no-cost Red Hat Developer Subscription for Individuals, which includes RHEL for individual development, testing, experimentation, and permitted individual use. Review current terms before use.
Official information: https://developers.redhat.com/articles/faqs-no-cost-red-hat-enterprise-linux
Windows host
Practical hypervisor choices include Hyper-V (where available), VMware Workstation, and VirtualBox. The hypervisor is not part of EX342; use whichever reliably supports multiple RHEL VMs, snapshots, multiple NICs, and extra disks.
Avoid using WSL as the primary EX342 lab because EX342 requires boot, kernel, storage, systemd, crash-dump, and recovery exercises that need a real VM environment.
macOS host
On Intel Mac, VMware Fusion or another x86_64-capable hypervisor can run x86_64 RHEL.
On Apple Silicon, use a hypervisor capable of running the current supported RHEL aarch64/ARM64 image where available. Keep in mind that some low-level device behavior can differ by architecture; use Red Hat’s current RHEL documentation for your architecture.
Linux host
KVM/libvirt is the most natural Linux-host choice. GNOME Boxes or virt-manager can simplify management. VMware/VirtualBox may also be options depending on the host distribution.
Licensing rule
Use official RHEL downloads, valid subscriptions/evaluations, or other legally licensed RHEL access. Do not use unauthorized images.
PART 8 โ Learn โ Configure โ Verify โ Break โ Troubleshoot โ Fix
Use the same cycle for every major technology:
LEARN
โ
CONFIGURE
โ
VERIFY
โ
BREAK
โ
COLLECT EVIDENCE
โ
FORM HYPOTHESIS
โ
FIX
โ
VERIFY AGAIN
โ
REBOOT / LIFECYCLE TEST
โ
TIMED TASK
Code language: PHP (php)
Lab 1 โ Basic implementation
Build the feature correctly from a clean baseline.
Lab 2 โ Enterprise scenario
Use at least two hosts or multiple dependent services.
Lab 3 โ Intentional failure
Inject exactly one documented failure first. Later combine faults.
Lab 4 โ Troubleshooting
Do not look at your fault-injection note until after you have diagnosed the problem from evidence.
Lab 5 โ Timed exam-style task
Start from a snapshot that hides the root cause. Work against a result requirement, not a command recipe.
PART 9 โ Advanced Troubleshooting Curriculum
| Scenario | First evidence | Diagnostic path | Typical root-cause classes | Verification |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boot stops/degrades | console + journalctl -b + failed units | boot stage โ mounts โ units โ dependencies | fstab, failed unit, module/driver, boot configuration | normal reboot; no failed required units |
| Filesystem will not mount | mount error + dmesg + filesystem metadata | identify FS โ unmount โ read-only check โ safe repair | corruption, wrong UUID/type/options | mount + file read/write + reboot |
| VG/LV missing | pvs/vgs/lvs + /etc/lvm/archive | device presence โ PV UUID โ metadata โ activation | missing/damaged PV metadata, activation | LV active and data readable |
| Encrypted volume unavailable | cryptsetup status/luksDump + crypttab/fstab | device โ LUKS header โ mapping โ FS โ mount | wrong mapping/config, unavailable key | mapping + mount + persistence |
| DNF transaction fails | dnf error + repo state | repo availability โ package/version/arch โ dependencies | disabled repo, version conflict, damaged metadata | clean transaction |
| RPM database fails | rpm query errors + db files | backup/evidence โ database recovery โ verify package manager | rpmdb corruption | rpm/dnf queries |
| Network timeout | ip/nmcli/route/ss/tcpdump | link โ address โ route โ DNS โ socket โ firewall โ packet | bad IP/route/DNS/firewall/listener | remote connection + packet evidence |
| App fails to start | systemd status/journal + strace/ldd | service โ dependency โ file access โ SELinux โ resource | library, permission, config, AVC | process healthy + logs clean |
| Memory grows | ps/top/vmstat + valgrind | confirm growth โ reproduce โ instrument | leak or workload/cache misunderstanding | reproducible evidence |
| Login fails | journal + faillock/chage/authselect | identity โ account state โ PAM โ policy | lockout, expiry, PAM/profile | successful intended auth |
| SELinux denial | audit.log + ausearch | prove AVC โ inspect context/boolean โ persistent correction | wrong label, nonstandard path, policy mismatch | enforcing + app works |
| Need vendor escalation | sos + journal + package/kernel/network state | collect before repair | insufficient evidence | archive + timeline + reproduction notes |
Universal incident worksheet
Problem statement:
Expected state:
Observed state:
Scope:
When did it start?
Recent change?
Evidence collected:
Hypothesis 1:
Test:
Result:
Root cause:
Fix:
Verification:
Persistence/reboot verification:
Evidence retained for escalation:
PART 10 โ EX342 Command Mastery
| Command | Purpose | Example | Common mistake | Verification |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| man / info / apropos | Find local documentation | man 5 fstab; apropos kdump | Using memory instead of available documentation | Can explain source used |
| journalctl | Query systemd journal | journalctl -b; journalctl -u sshd | Looking only at current terminal error | Find exact failure timestamp |
| dmesg | Kernel ring buffer | dmesg -T | Ignoring kernel/device evidence | Correlate device/kernel event |
| systemctl | Service/unit state | systemctl –failed; status UNIT | Restarting before collecting evidence | Unit healthy after fix |
| ps / top / vmstat / free | Process and resource monitoring | ps aux; top; vmstat 1 | Treating free RAM as only memory metric | Baseline + changed metric |
| ss | Socket/listener state | ss -lntup | Testing firewall before checking listener | Correct process listening |
| cockpit.socket | RHEL web console access | systemctl enable –now cockpit.socket | Assuming GUI state differs from system state | CLI and web state agree |
| ansible / ansible-playbook | Configure managed systems | ansible all -m ping; ansible-playbook site.yml | Non-idempotent shell-only playbooks | Second run has no unintended changes |
| logger / rsyslogd | Central logging tests | logger TAG; rsyslogd -N1 | Changing config without syntax validation | Remote message arrives |
| aide | File integrity | aide –init; –check; –update | Approving suspicious drift blindly | Expected drift only |
| grubby | Inspect/manage boot entries | grubby –info=ALL | Editing boot config without rollback | Expected kernel/entry |
| lsmod / modinfo / modprobe | Kernel modules | modinfo MOD; modprobe MOD | Using insmod without dependency awareness | Module/parameters correct |
| xfs_repair | XFS diagnosis/repair | xfs_repair -n DEV | Repairing mounted FS or using -L casually | FS mounts and data checks |
| e2fsck | ext-family check/repair | e2fsck -f DEV | Using filesystem-wrong tool | FS healthy |
| pvs/vgs/lvs | LVM state | lvs -a -o +devices | Changing metadata before identifying missing device | Topology understood |
| vgcfgrestore / pvcreate –restorefile | LVM metadata recovery | vgcfgrestore VG | Wrong PV UUID/device | LV restored with data |
| cryptsetup | LUKS inspection/open | cryptsetup luksDump DEV | Reformatting instead of recovering mapping | Existing data accessible |
| dnf | Package/repo/dependency management | dnf repolist; repoquery; reinstall | Forcing RPM operations before understanding deps | Clean transaction |
| rpm | Package ownership/verification/db | rpm -qf FILE; rpm -V PKG; rpm –rebuilddb | Interpreting all rpm -V differences as compromise | Changed files correctly reported |
| ip / nmcli | Network state and config | ip route; nmcli con show | Changing DNS when route is broken | Correct state + persistence |
| tcpdump | Packet evidence | tcpdump -ni IFACE host X | Capturing too broadly and missing signal | Can explain handshake/failure |
| ldd / readelf / objdump | ELF/library dependencies | ldd APP; readelf -d APP | Installing random packages to chase .so errors | All dependencies resolve |
| strace / ltrace | Runtime tracing | strace -f -o trace APP | Tracing without filtering or interpreting errors | Failure syscall/library call identified |
| valgrind | Memory error/leak evidence | valgrind –leak-check=full APP | Calling normal cache use a leak | Reproducible leak evidence |
| ausearch / restorecon / semanage | SELinux diagnosis/fix | ausearch -m AVC -ts recent; restorecon -Rv PATH | Disabling SELinux | Works in enforcing |
| authselect / faillock / chage | Authentication/account policy | authselect current; faillock –user U; chage -l U | Editing generated PAM files blindly | Login state matches policy |
| kdumpctl | Kdump readiness | kdumpctl status | Assuming service active means fully ready | Ready/target validated |
| sos report | Support data | sos report | Collecting only after changing system | Archive preserves pre-fix evidence |
PART 11 โ Configuration File Mastery
| File/directory | Purpose | Related objective |
|---|---|---|
| /etc/rsyslog.conf, /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf | local/remote logging | general troubleshooting |
| /etc/aide.conf, /var/lib/aide/ | AIDE rules/database | general troubleshooting |
| /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg + inventory | Ansible behavior/targets | general troubleshooting |
| /etc/systemd/system/, /usr/lib/systemd/system/ | units, overrides, dependencies | startup/services |
| /etc/modules-load.d/*.conf | persistent module loading | kernel modules |
| /etc/modprobe.d/*.conf | module options/denylisting | kernel modules |
| /boot/loader/entries/, bootloader config | boot entries | startup |
| /etc/fstab | persistent mounts | filesystem/startup |
| /etc/crypttab | encrypted mappings | encrypted storage |
| /etc/lvm/lvm.conf | LVM behavior | LVM recovery |
| /etc/lvm/backup/, /etc/lvm/archive/ | LVM metadata backups | LVM recovery |
| /etc/dnf/dnf.conf | DNF global config | package management |
| /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo | repositories | package management |
| /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/*.nmconnection | persistent network profiles | networking |
| /etc/hosts, /etc/resolv.conf | name resolution inputs | networking |
| /etc/ld.so.conf, /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf | dynamic linker paths | application dependencies |
| /var/log/audit/audit.log | SELinux/audit evidence | application/SELinux |
| /etc/pam.d/* | PAM service stacks | authentication |
| /etc/security/* | PAM/account policy parameters | authentication |
| /etc/login.defs | local account defaults | authentication |
| /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow | local identity/account state | authentication |
| /etc/nsswitch.conf | identity lookup order | authentication |
| /etc/kdump.conf | crash dump target/config | third-party investigation |
| /var/crash/ | kernel crash dump output | third-party investigation |
| /var/tmp/ | common sos report output location | third-party investigation |
PART 12 โ Security Curriculum
Current EX342 security-relevant objectives are narrower than a full Linux security certification.
Officially in scope
- AIDE file integrity
- SELinux troubleshooting
- PAM troubleshooting
- local user account policy
- secure recovery of encrypted filesystems
- logging/evidence collection
Useful background, but not separately named EX342 objectives
- sudo administration
- firewalld as a possible network fault source
- file permissions/ACLs when diagnosing application/authentication issues
- SSH when reproducing remote-access problems
Not justified as a standalone EX342 requirement by the current public objectives
- comprehensive compliance frameworks
- full auditd rule design
- cryptographic policy engineering
- advanced Identity Management/FreeIPA server deployment
- advanced firewall architecture
- security hardening baselines beyond the troubleshooting objectives
The rule is simple: learn enough background to diagnose an official EX342 objective, but do not turn this into EX415.
PART 13 โ Storage Curriculum
Required storage outcomes
You must be able to:
- identify the actual block-device/filesystem/LVM/LUKS topology;
- distinguish filesystem corruption from mount/configuration problems;
- use filesystem-specific repair workflows;
- recover LVM metadata from backups/archives safely;
- preserve existing encrypted data while repairing mapping/configuration failures;
- prove data is intact after recovery;
- verify persistence where applicable.
Mandatory lab chain
Create disposable storage
โ
Put test data on it
โ
Record UUID/PV/VG/LV/LUKS facts
โ
Snapshot VM
โ
Break one layer
โ
Diagnose layer-by-layer
โ
Recover
โ
Mount
โ
Verify checksums/files
โ
Reboot
โ
Verify persistence
Code language: PHP (php)
Safety: never practice destructive metadata recovery on important data.
PART 14 โ Networking Curriculum
Use a layer-by-layer workflow:
Link
โ
Interface state
โ
Address / Prefix
โ
Route
โ
Neighbor resolution
โ
DNS
โ
Listener/socket
โ
Firewall
โ
Packet capture
โ
Application
Code language: PHP (php)
A good EX342 learner should be able to explain the difference between:
- no route to host;
- name-resolution failure;
- SYN sent but no reply;
- TCP reset / connection refused;
- listener bound only to localhost;
- firewall drop;
- wrong source route;
- service-level failure after transport succeeds.
Do not memorize tcpdump filters without learning to read basic TCP handshakes.
PART 15 โ Services & System Management
Current service-related scope appears mainly through:
- startup failures affecting boot;
- monitoring and logs;
- application issues;
- logging services;
- cockpit;
- kdump;
- services changed by Ansible.
Practice:
systemctl statussystemctl --failed- unit dependencies
- drop-in overrides
- enable/disable vs start/stop distinction
- journal correlation
- persistence after reboot
- finding theย first causal failureย rather than restarting everything
Creating complex custom systemd services is useful practice, but the current EX342 objectives do not separately state “write arbitrary systemd unit files” as an objective. Treat that as supporting skill, not a standalone exam claim.
PART 16 โ Automation
Automation is explicitly in scope through:
Configure systems using Ansible.
This does not make EX342 an EX294 substitute.
For EX342, focus on Ansible as an administration/troubleshooting tool:
- inventories;
- managed-node connectivity;
- idempotent configuration;
- playbook syntax;
- variables sufficient for practical configuration;
- service/package/file configuration;
- RHEL system roles where useful;
- troubleshooting SSH/inventory/privilege/module failures.
Do not spend disproportionate time on advanced Automation Platform architecture, controller administration, custom collections, or large-scale event-driven automation unless a newer EX342 objective explicitly adds them.
PART 17 โ Performance & Troubleshooting
The EX342 page says the exam tests issues that may cause degradation or loss of performance, and the objectives explicitly require monitoring vital characteristics and identifying application memory leaks.
Use this workflow:
Observe symptom
โ
Measure current state
โ
Create/reproduce workload
โ
Identify constrained resource
โ
Determine whether problem is system-wide or process-specific
โ
Make smallest justified change
โ
Measure again
Useful current-RHEL tools include top, ps, vmstat, iostat, free, ss, perf, and Valgrind. Do not turn EX342 preparation into the separate EX442 Performance Tuning curriculum; use performance tools to diagnose EX342-style faults.
PART 18 โ Enterprise Scenarios
Scenario 1 โ Production service failing
Service starts manually but fails during normal boot. Determine unit ordering/dependency or environmental difference and restore persistent startup.
Scenario 2 โ Storage full / filesystem unhealthy
A service stops writing. Distinguish space exhaustion, inode exhaustion, read-only remount, underlying LVM issue, and filesystem damage.
Scenario 3 โ Network service unavailable
Local checks pass, remote checks fail. Use socket state, route, firewall, and packet capture to isolate failure.
Scenario 4 โ SELinux blocks an application
App runs only in permissive mode. Prove AVC denial and correct persistent labels/allowed configuration while returning enforcing.
Scenario 5 โ Service works now but fails after reboot
Find nonpersistent command-line changes, missing enablement, wrong fstab/crypttab/module/network profile, or unit ordering.
Scenario 6 โ Filesystem does not mount
Determine whether root cause is wrong device/UUID, encryption mapping, LVM activation, filesystem corruption, or mount options.
Scenario 7 โ Performance incident
A process consumes growing memory. Confirm actual leak behavior and capture reproducible evidence.
Scenario 8 โ Authentication outage
One group of local users cannot log in after policy change. Separate identity lookup, account status, PAM, and authorization.
Scenario 9 โ Package integrity incident
A package-owned binary changed and DNF transactions fail. Report drift, fix repository/dependency/database state, restore supported files.
Scenario 10 โ Vendor escalation
Before changing the host, create sos report, gather relevant journals, package state, kernel/module state, network evidence, and a concise timeline.
PART 19 โ Original EX342-Style Practical Tasks
These are original self-study tasks. They are not Red Hat exam questions and do not reproduce confidential exam content.
TASK 01 โ Troubleshooting method
Scenario: A service is reported ‘slow’ but not down.
Requirements: Collect CPU, memory, I/O, process and log evidence; identify the bottleneck; make only an evidence-backed correction.
Time target: 25 min
Verification: Record before/after metrics and service health.
Common mistakes: changing multiple subsystems at once; skipping evidence collection; using a destructive shortcut; failing to verify persistence.
Expected final state: the stated service/system outcome works, the root cause is identified, and the final configuration is stable across the relevant lifecycle/reboot test.
TASK 02 โ Documentation
Scenario: A utility is unfamiliar and outside your memorized command set.
Requirements: Use local man/info/help and provided documentation to determine safe syntax; perform the requested change.
Time target: 15 min
Verification: Show the command result and relevant help/man reference.
Common mistakes: changing multiple subsystems at once; skipping evidence collection; using a destructive shortcut; failing to verify persistence.
Expected final state: the stated service/system outcome works, the root cause is identified, and the final configuration is stable across the relevant lifecycle/reboot test.
TASK 03 โ RHEL web console
Scenario: CLI metrics and web-console view disagree after a service change.
Requirements: Enable/access the web console, reconcile the state, and identify what changed.
Time target: 15 min
Verification: cockpit.socket active; web view matches CLI.
Common mistakes: changing multiple subsystems at once; skipping evidence collection; using a destructive shortcut; failing to verify persistence.
Expected final state: the stated service/system outcome works, the root cause is identified, and the final configuration is stable across the relevant lifecycle/reboot test.
TASK 04 โ Ansible
Scenario: Two RHEL nodes drift from a required service configuration.
Requirements: Create inventory/playbook, apply idempotently, run twice, and show no unintended second-run changes.
Time target: 25 min
Verification: Second play is idempotent; target state confirmed.
Common mistakes: changing multiple subsystems at once; skipping evidence collection; using a destructive shortcut; failing to verify persistence.
Expected final state: the stated service/system outcome works, the root cause is identified, and the final configuration is stable across the relevant lifecycle/reboot test.
TASK 05 โ Central logging
Scenario: node1 messages do not arrive on loghost.
Requirements: Fix rsyslog path/transport/listener/firewall as needed and verify with logger.
Time target: 25 min
Verification: Unique test message visible on loghost.
Common mistakes: changing multiple subsystems at once; skipping evidence collection; using a destructive shortcut; failing to verify persistence.
Expected final state: the stated service/system outcome works, the root cause is identified, and the final configuration is stable across the relevant lifecycle/reboot test.
TASK 06 โ AIDE
Scenario: Integrity monitoring reports one legitimate and one suspicious change.
Requirements: Identify both, approve only the legitimate change, update baseline, and leave suspicious change reported.
Time target: 25 min
Verification: AIDE output reflects intended baseline.
Common mistakes: changing multiple subsystems at once; skipping evidence collection; using a destructive shortcut; failing to verify persistence.
Expected final state: the stated service/system outcome works, the root cause is identified, and the final configuration is stable across the relevant lifecycle/reboot test.
TASK 07 โ Boot service failure
Scenario: A required local service causes degraded boot.
Requirements: Identify the failed unit and dependency chain; repair and reboot.
Time target: 20 min
Verification: No failed unit after reboot.
Common mistakes: changing multiple subsystems at once; skipping evidence collection; using a destructive shortcut; failing to verify persistence.
Expected final state: the stated service/system outcome works, the root cause is identified, and the final configuration is stable across the relevant lifecycle/reboot test.
TASK 08 โ Regain root control
Scenario: Normal login is unavailable on a disposable lab VM.
Requirements: Use a current supported rescue path to regain administrative control and repair the cause.
Time target: 25 min
Verification: Normal boot/login restored.
Common mistakes: changing multiple subsystems at once; skipping evidence collection; using a destructive shortcut; failing to verify persistence.
Expected final state: the stated service/system outcome works, the root cause is identified, and the final configuration is stable across the relevant lifecycle/reboot test.
TASK 09 โ Boot issue
Scenario: The OS drops to emergency/rescue behavior because a persistent mount is wrong.
Requirements: Find the exact mount failure and correct persistent configuration.
Time target: 20 min
Verification: Normal boot and mount verified.
Common mistakes: changing multiple subsystems at once; skipping evidence collection; using a destructive shortcut; failing to verify persistence.
Expected final state: the stated service/system outcome works, the root cause is identified, and the final configuration is stable across the relevant lifecycle/reboot test.
TASK 10 โ Hardware evidence
Scenario: A NIC/disk is allegedly ‘missing’.
Requirements: Use kernel/hardware tools and logs to determine whether hardware is absent, driver is missing, or interface is simply down.
Time target: 20 min
Verification: Root cause documented with evidence.
Common mistakes: changing multiple subsystems at once; skipping evidence collection; using a destructive shortcut; failing to verify persistence.
Expected final state: the stated service/system outcome works, the root cause is identified, and the final configuration is stable across the relevant lifecycle/reboot test.
TASK 11 โ Kernel modules
Scenario: A required module is not loaded after reboot.
Requirements: Inspect module availability/parameters, configure persistent loading, reboot and verify.
Time target: 20 min
Verification: Module loaded after reboot with intended parameter state.
Common mistakes: changing multiple subsystems at once; skipping evidence collection; using a destructive shortcut; failing to verify persistence.
Expected final state: the stated service/system outcome works, the root cause is identified, and the final configuration is stable across the relevant lifecycle/reboot test.
TASK 12 โ Filesystem recovery
Scenario: A disposable XFS/ext4 filesystem does not mount after simulated corruption.
Requirements: Use filesystem-appropriate diagnostic and repair workflow.
Time target: 30 min
Verification: Filesystem mounts and test data is accessible.
Common mistakes: changing multiple subsystems at once; skipping evidence collection; using a destructive shortcut; failing to verify persistence.
Expected final state: the stated service/system outcome works, the root cause is identified, and the final configuration is stable across the relevant lifecycle/reboot test.
TASK 13 โ LVM recovery
Scenario: A VG references a missing or damaged PV in the lab.
Requirements: Use LVM metadata backups/archives to recover the mapping carefully.
Time target: 40 min
Verification: LV active and test data verified.
Common mistakes: changing multiple subsystems at once; skipping evidence collection; using a destructive shortcut; failing to verify persistence.
Expected final state: the stated service/system outcome works, the root cause is identified, and the final configuration is stable across the relevant lifecycle/reboot test.
TASK 14 โ Encrypted storage
Scenario: A LUKS-backed filesystem no longer opens automatically.
Requirements: Identify mapping/configuration problem without recreating the filesystem.
Time target: 30 min
Verification: Volume opens; data intact; persistence restored.
Common mistakes: changing multiple subsystems at once; skipping evidence collection; using a destructive shortcut; failing to verify persistence.
Expected final state: the stated service/system outcome works, the root cause is identified, and the final configuration is stable across the relevant lifecycle/reboot test.
TASK 15 โ DNF dependencies
Scenario: Package installation fails because of dependency/repository state.
Requirements: Determine the exact dependency chain and fix repository/package state.
Time target: 20 min
Verification: dnf transaction succeeds cleanly.
Common mistakes: changing multiple subsystems at once; skipping evidence collection; using a destructive shortcut; failing to verify persistence.
Expected final state: the stated service/system outcome works, the root cause is identified, and the final configuration is stable across the relevant lifecycle/reboot test.
TASK 16 โ RPM database
Scenario: rpm/dnf queries fail on a disposable snapshot because the rpmdb is damaged.
Requirements: Preserve evidence, recover/rebuild the database, and verify package queries.
Time target: 25 min
Verification: rpm -qa and dnf operations work.
Common mistakes: changing multiple subsystems at once; skipping evidence collection; using a destructive shortcut; failing to verify persistence.
Expected final state: the stated service/system outcome works, the root cause is identified, and the final configuration is stable across the relevant lifecycle/reboot test.
TASK 17 โ Changed package files
Scenario: An application binary/configuration may have been modified.
Requirements: Use package ownership and RPM verification to report changes.
Time target: 15 min
Verification: Produce exact changed-file evidence.
Common mistakes: changing multiple subsystems at once; skipping evidence collection; using a destructive shortcut; failing to verify persistence.
Expected final state: the stated service/system outcome works, the root cause is identified, and the final configuration is stable across the relevant lifecycle/reboot test.
TASK 18 โ Connectivity
Scenario: Two hosts cannot communicate after a network change.
Requirements: Check link, address, route, DNS, socket, firewall; fix the actual fault.
Time target: 25 min
Verification: Bidirectional test succeeds.
Common mistakes: changing multiple subsystems at once; skipping evidence collection; using a destructive shortcut; failing to verify persistence.
Expected final state: the stated service/system outcome works, the root cause is identified, and the final configuration is stable across the relevant lifecycle/reboot test.
TASK 19 โ Packet inspection
Scenario: A TCP connection times out.
Requirements: Capture packets and classify whether SYN leaves, reply returns, reset occurs, or firewall silently drops.
Time target: 20 min
Verification: tcpdump evidence supports conclusion.
Common mistakes: changing multiple subsystems at once; skipping evidence collection; using a destructive shortcut; failing to verify persistence.
Expected final state: the stated service/system outcome works, the root cause is identified, and the final configuration is stable across the relevant lifecycle/reboot test.
TASK 20 โ Library dependencies
Scenario: A third-party executable fails with a missing shared library.
Requirements: Identify required soname/library and restore supported loader visibility.
Time target: 20 min
Verification: Executable starts; dependency resolution shown.
Common mistakes: changing multiple subsystems at once; skipping evidence collection; using a destructive shortcut; failing to verify persistence.
Expected final state: the stated service/system outcome works, the root cause is identified, and the final configuration is stable across the relevant lifecycle/reboot test.
TASK 21 โ Memory leak
Scenario: A test application grows in resident memory.
Requirements: Confirm growth and use valgrind/memcheck or appropriate tooling to identify leak evidence.
Time target: 30 min
Verification: Report contains reproducible leak evidence.
Common mistakes: changing multiple subsystems at once; skipping evidence collection; using a destructive shortcut; failing to verify persistence.
Expected final state: the stated service/system outcome works, the root cause is identified, and the final configuration is stable across the relevant lifecycle/reboot test.
TASK 22 โ Application tracing
Scenario: An app returns permission denied but file mode looks correct.
Requirements: Trace file/syscall behavior and correlate with logs.
Time target: 20 min
Verification: Root cause proven, not guessed.
Common mistakes: changing multiple subsystems at once; skipping evidence collection; using a destructive shortcut; failing to verify persistence.
Expected final state: the stated service/system outcome works, the root cause is identified, and the final configuration is stable across the relevant lifecycle/reboot test.
TASK 23 โ SELinux
Scenario: A service works in permissive mode but not enforcing.
Requirements: Find AVC denial, correct label/boolean/policy-compatible config, return enforcing.
Time target: 25 min
Verification: Service works with SELinux enforcing.
Common mistakes: changing multiple subsystems at once; skipping evidence collection; using a destructive shortcut; failing to verify persistence.
Expected final state: the stated service/system outcome works, the root cause is identified, and the final configuration is stable across the relevant lifecycle/reboot test.
TASK 24 โ PAM
Scenario: A local login fails after authentication configuration was changed.
Requirements: Inspect authselect/PAM state and logs; repair the stack safely.
Time target: 30 min
Verification: Login succeeds and authselect consistency check passes.
Common mistakes: changing multiple subsystems at once; skipping evidence collection; using a destructive shortcut; failing to verify persistence.
Expected final state: the stated service/system outcome works, the root cause is identified, and the final configuration is stable across the relevant lifecycle/reboot test.
TASK 25 โ Account policy
Scenario: One user cannot log in; other users can.
Requirements: Determine expiration/lockout/password aging state and apply the intended policy.
Time target: 15 min
Verification: User works; policy verified.
Common mistakes: changing multiple subsystems at once; skipping evidence collection; using a destructive shortcut; failing to verify persistence.
Expected final state: the stated service/system outcome works, the root cause is identified, and the final configuration is stable across the relevant lifecycle/reboot test.
TASK 26 โ Kdump
Scenario: A host must be ready to capture a kernel crash.
Requirements: Configure/verify kdump and its target; do not trigger unsafe crash outside disposable VM.
Time target: 30 min
Verification: kdump ready/status and dump target verified.
Common mistakes: changing multiple subsystems at once; skipping evidence collection; using a destructive shortcut; failing to verify persistence.
Expected final state: the stated service/system outcome works, the root cause is identified, and the final configuration is stable across the relevant lifecycle/reboot test.
TASK 27 โ Support data
Scenario: A vendor requests diagnostic information before changes are made.
Requirements: Create sos report and collect targeted logs, package state, kernel, modules, and network evidence.
Time target: 20 min
Verification: Archive exists and evidence checklist complete.
Common mistakes: changing multiple subsystems at once; skipping evidence collection; using a destructive shortcut; failing to verify persistence.
Expected final state: the stated service/system outcome works, the root cause is identified, and the final configuration is stable across the relevant lifecycle/reboot test.
PART 20 โ Progressive Labs
Level 1 โ Foundation
Run tasks 01โ06 with notes. Goal: build the troubleshooting method and the instrumentation/logging foundation.
Level 2 โ Intermediate
Run tasks 07โ18. Use snapshots but no step-by-step notes. Goal: recover boot, storage, packages, and networking safely.
Level 3 โ Advanced
Run tasks 19โ27 and combine two dependent faults. Goal: diagnose applications, security/authentication, kdump, and support data.
Level 4 โ Troubleshooting
Randomize fault injection:
- one symptom, one root cause;
- one symptom, two independent root causes;
- misleading symptom where the obvious subsystem is not the cause;
- recovery where data preservation matters.
Level 5 โ Exam Simulation
Use a clean copy of all VMs, hide your fault-injection notes, set a strict timer, and require final-state/reboot verification.
PART 21 โ Five Full Original Mock Exams
Mock Exam 1 โ Foundation
Time limit: 90 minutes
Tasks
- Task 01 โ Troubleshooting method:ย A service is reported ‘slow’ but not down. Collect CPU, memory, I/O, process and log evidence; identify the bottleneck; make only an evidence-backed correction.
- Task 05 โ Central logging:ย node1 messages do not arrive on loghost. Fix rsyslog path/transport/listener/firewall as needed and verify with logger.
- Task 07 โ Boot service failure:ย A required local service causes degraded boot. Identify the failed unit and dependency chain; repair and reboot.
- Task 11 โ Kernel modules:ย A required module is not loaded after reboot. Inspect module availability/parameters, configure persistent loading, reboot and verify.
- Task 15 โ DNF dependencies:ย Package installation fails because of dependency/repository state. Determine the exact dependency chain and fix repository/package state.
- Task 18 โ Connectivity:ย Two hosts cannot communicate after a network change. Check link, address, route, DNS, socket, firewall; fix the actual fault.
Scoring guidance
60 points total; 8 points per task + 12 points for verification/persistence. Suggested pass mark for self-study: 80%.
Solution method
Solutions are intentionally method-oriented rather than command-copy recipes: collect evidence โ isolate layer โ perform smallest safe repair โ verify final state โ reboot/lifecycle-check where relevant. Use the matching task’s verification criterion above as the answer key.
Failure rule
If a storage recovery task destroys data, SELinux is disabled instead of fixed, a PAM task locks out all administrative access without recovery, or persistence is not verified, mark that task failed even if the symptom temporarily disappears.
Mock Exam 2 โ Intermediate
Time limit: 150 minutes
Tasks
- Task 04 โ Ansible:ย Two RHEL nodes drift from a required service configuration. Create inventory/playbook, apply idempotently, run twice, and show no unintended second-run changes.
- Task 06 โ AIDE:ย Integrity monitoring reports one legitimate and one suspicious change. Identify both, approve only the legitimate change, update baseline, and leave suspicious change reported.
- Task 09 โ Boot issue:ย The OS drops to emergency/rescue behavior because a persistent mount is wrong. Find the exact mount failure and correct persistent configuration.
- Task 12 โ Filesystem recovery:ย A disposable XFS/ext4 filesystem does not mount after simulated corruption. Use filesystem-appropriate diagnostic and repair workflow.
- Task 17 โ Changed package files:ย An application binary/configuration may have been modified. Use package ownership and RPM verification to report changes.
- Task 20 โ Library dependencies:ย A third-party executable fails with a missing shared library. Identify required soname/library and restore supported loader visibility.
- Task 23 โ SELinux:ย A service works in permissive mode but not enforcing. Find AVC denial, correct label/boolean/policy-compatible config, return enforcing.
- Task 25 โ Account policy:ย One user cannot log in; other users can. Determine expiration/lockout/password aging state and apply the intended policy.
Scoring guidance
80 points total; 8 points per task + 16 points for verification, evidence quality, and persistence. Suggested pass mark: 80%.
Solution method
Solutions are intentionally method-oriented rather than command-copy recipes: collect evidence โ isolate layer โ perform smallest safe repair โ verify final state โ reboot/lifecycle-check where relevant. Use the matching task’s verification criterion above as the answer key.
Failure rule
If a storage recovery task destroys data, SELinux is disabled instead of fixed, a PAM task locks out all administrative access without recovery, or persistence is not verified, mark that task failed even if the symptom temporarily disappears.
Mock Exam 3 โ Advanced
Time limit: 180 minutes
Tasks
- Task 05 โ Central logging:ย node1 messages do not arrive on loghost. Fix rsyslog path/transport/listener/firewall as needed and verify with logger.
- Task 08 โ Regain root control:ย Normal login is unavailable on a disposable lab VM. Use a current supported rescue path to regain administrative control and repair the cause.
- Task 13 โ LVM recovery:ย A VG references a missing or damaged PV in the lab. Use LVM metadata backups/archives to recover the mapping carefully.
- Task 14 โ Encrypted storage:ย A LUKS-backed filesystem no longer opens automatically. Identify mapping/configuration problem without recreating the filesystem.
- Task 16 โ RPM database:ย rpm/dnf queries fail on a disposable snapshot because the rpmdb is damaged. Preserve evidence, recover/rebuild the database, and verify package queries.
- Task 19 โ Packet inspection:ย A TCP connection times out. Capture packets and classify whether SYN leaves, reply returns, reset occurs, or firewall silently drops.
- Task 21 โ Memory leak:ย A test application grows in resident memory. Confirm growth and use valgrind/memcheck or appropriate tooling to identify leak evidence.
- Task 24 โ PAM:ย A local login fails after authentication configuration was changed. Inspect authselect/PAM state and logs; repair the stack safely.
- Task 27 โ Support data:ย A vendor requests diagnostic information before changes are made. Create sos report and collect targeted logs, package state, kernel, modules, and network evidence.
Scoring guidance
90 points total; 8 points per task + 18 points for safe recovery, persistence, and evidence. Suggested pass mark: 80%.
Solution method
Solutions are intentionally method-oriented rather than command-copy recipes: collect evidence โ isolate layer โ perform smallest safe repair โ verify final state โ reboot/lifecycle-check where relevant. Use the matching task’s verification criterion above as the answer key.
Failure rule
If a storage recovery task destroys data, SELinux is disabled instead of fixed, a PAM task locks out all administrative access without recovery, or persistence is not verified, mark that task failed even if the symptom temporarily disappears.
Mock Exam 4 โ Enterprise Scenario
Time limit: 210 minutes
Tasks
- Task 02 โ Documentation:ย A utility is unfamiliar and outside your memorized command set. Use local man/info/help and provided documentation to determine safe syntax; perform the requested change.
- Task 04 โ Ansible:ย Two RHEL nodes drift from a required service configuration. Create inventory/playbook, apply idempotently, run twice, and show no unintended second-run changes.
- Task 05 โ Central logging:ย node1 messages do not arrive on loghost. Fix rsyslog path/transport/listener/firewall as needed and verify with logger.
- Task 10 โ Hardware evidence:ย A NIC/disk is allegedly ‘missing’. Use kernel/hardware tools and logs to determine whether hardware is absent, driver is missing, or interface is simply down.
- Task 12 โ Filesystem recovery:ย A disposable XFS/ext4 filesystem does not mount after simulated corruption. Use filesystem-appropriate diagnostic and repair workflow.
- Task 13 โ LVM recovery:ย A VG references a missing or damaged PV in the lab. Use LVM metadata backups/archives to recover the mapping carefully.
- Task 18 โ Connectivity:ย Two hosts cannot communicate after a network change. Check link, address, route, DNS, socket, firewall; fix the actual fault.
- Task 19 โ Packet inspection:ย A TCP connection times out. Capture packets and classify whether SYN leaves, reply returns, reset occurs, or firewall silently drops.
- Task 22 โ Application tracing:ย An app returns permission denied but file mode looks correct. Trace file/syscall behavior and correlate with logs.
- Task 23 โ SELinux:ย A service works in permissive mode but not enforcing. Find AVC denial, correct label/boolean/policy-compatible config, return enforcing.
- Task 26 โ Kdump:ย A host must be ready to capture a kernel crash. Configure/verify kdump and its target; do not trigger unsafe crash outside disposable VM.
- Task 27 โ Support data:ย A vendor requests diagnostic information before changes are made. Create sos report and collect targeted logs, package state, kernel, modules, and network evidence.
Scoring guidance
120 points total; score both restoration and diagnostic reasoning. Suggested pass mark: 85%.
Solution method
Solutions are intentionally method-oriented rather than command-copy recipes: collect evidence โ isolate layer โ perform smallest safe repair โ verify final state โ reboot/lifecycle-check where relevant. Use the matching task’s verification criterion above as the answer key.
Failure rule
If a storage recovery task destroys data, SELinux is disabled instead of fixed, a PAM task locks out all administrative access without recovery, or persistence is not verified, mark that task failed even if the symptom temporarily disappears.
Mock Exam 5 โ Full EX342 Simulation
Time limit: 240 minutes
Tasks
- Task 01 โ Troubleshooting method:ย A service is reported ‘slow’ but not down. Collect CPU, memory, I/O, process and log evidence; identify the bottleneck; make only an evidence-backed correction.
- Task 03 โ RHEL web console:ย CLI metrics and web-console view disagree after a service change. Enable/access the web console, reconcile the state, and identify what changed.
- Task 04 โ Ansible:ย Two RHEL nodes drift from a required service configuration. Create inventory/playbook, apply idempotently, run twice, and show no unintended second-run changes.
- Task 05 โ Central logging:ย node1 messages do not arrive on loghost. Fix rsyslog path/transport/listener/firewall as needed and verify with logger.
- Task 06 โ AIDE:ย Integrity monitoring reports one legitimate and one suspicious change. Identify both, approve only the legitimate change, update baseline, and leave suspicious change reported.
- Task 07 โ Boot service failure:ย A required local service causes degraded boot. Identify the failed unit and dependency chain; repair and reboot.
- Task 08 โ Regain root control:ย Normal login is unavailable on a disposable lab VM. Use a current supported rescue path to regain administrative control and repair the cause.
- Task 11 โ Kernel modules:ย A required module is not loaded after reboot. Inspect module availability/parameters, configure persistent loading, reboot and verify.
- Task 12 โ Filesystem recovery:ย A disposable XFS/ext4 filesystem does not mount after simulated corruption. Use filesystem-appropriate diagnostic and repair workflow.
- Task 13 โ LVM recovery:ย A VG references a missing or damaged PV in the lab. Use LVM metadata backups/archives to recover the mapping carefully.
- Task 15 โ DNF dependencies:ย Package installation fails because of dependency/repository state. Determine the exact dependency chain and fix repository/package state.
- Task 16 โ RPM database:ย rpm/dnf queries fail on a disposable snapshot because the rpmdb is damaged. Preserve evidence, recover/rebuild the database, and verify package queries.
- Task 18 โ Connectivity:ย Two hosts cannot communicate after a network change. Check link, address, route, DNS, socket, firewall; fix the actual fault.
- Task 19 โ Packet inspection:ย A TCP connection times out. Capture packets and classify whether SYN leaves, reply returns, reset occurs, or firewall silently drops.
- Task 20 โ Library dependencies:ย A third-party executable fails with a missing shared library. Identify required soname/library and restore supported loader visibility.
- Task 21 โ Memory leak:ย A test application grows in resident memory. Confirm growth and use valgrind/memcheck or appropriate tooling to identify leak evidence.
- Task 23 โ SELinux:ย A service works in permissive mode but not enforcing. Find AVC denial, correct label/boolean/policy-compatible config, return enforcing.
- Task 24 โ PAM:ย A local login fails after authentication configuration was changed. Inspect authselect/PAM state and logs; repair the stack safely.
- Task 25 โ Account policy:ย One user cannot log in; other users can. Determine expiration/lockout/password aging state and apply the intended policy.
- Task 26 โ Kdump:ย A host must be ready to capture a kernel crash. Configure/verify kdump and its target; do not trigger unsafe crash outside disposable VM.
- Task 27 โ Support data:ย A vendor requests diagnostic information before changes are made. Create sos report and collect targeted logs, package state, kernel, modules, and network evidence.
Scoring guidance
Practice-only scoring: 210 points, 8 per task plus 42 points for persistence, reboot verification, no destructive shortcuts, and complete final-state checks. Target 85%+ twice before booking.
Solution method
Solutions are intentionally method-oriented rather than command-copy recipes: collect evidence โ isolate layer โ perform smallest safe repair โ verify final state โ reboot/lifecycle-check where relevant. Use the matching task’s verification criterion above as the answer key.
Failure rule
If a storage recovery task destroys data, SELinux is disabled instead of fixed, a PAM task locks out all administrative access without recovery, or persistence is not verified, mark that task failed even if the symptom temporarily disappears.
PART 22 โ 30 / 45 / 60 / 90 Day Study Plans
30-Day Intensive
Recommended for learners who can spend roughly 3โ5 focused hours per day.
| Day | Objective/topic | Theory | Lab | Troubleshooting | Revision |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Official scope + baseline | Verify EX342 objectives; baseline RHCSA skills | Build/clone lab | Baseline facts | Review |
| 2 | Troubleshooting method | Evidence-first workflow, documentation | Task 01-02 | Misleading symptom drill | Commands |
| 3 | Monitoring | CPU/memory/I/O/process/log interpretation | Task 01 | Resource bottleneck | Metrics |
| 4 | RHEL web console | Cockpit monitoring/admin | Task 03 | cockpit unavailable | Web+CLI |
| 5 | Ansible | Inventory, playbooks, idempotent config | Task 04 | inventory/SSH failure | Syntax |
| 6 | Central logging | rsyslog client/server | Task 05 | listener/firewall/config fault | Logs |
| 7 | Review: AIDE | baseline/check/update | Task 06 + repeat one earlier lab | legit vs suspicious drift | Timed command/file recall |
| 8 | Startup services | systemd failed units/dependencies | Task 07 | boot-affecting unit | Journals |
| 9 | Rescue/root control | rescue workflow, chroot | Task 08 | no normal login | Recovery |
| 10 | Boot troubleshooting | mount/initramfs/boot evidence | Task 09 | bad persistent mount | Boot |
| 11 | Hardware | device/driver evidence | Task 10 | missing NIC/disk | dmesg |
| 12 | Kernel modules | lsmod/modinfo/modprobe/persistence | Task 11 | module absent after reboot | Modules |
| 13 | Filesystem recovery | XFS/ext4 safe repair | Task 12 | corruption | Repair |
| 14 | Review: LVM recovery | metadata archives/restore | Task 13 + repeat one earlier lab | missing PV metadata | Timed command/file recall |
| 15 | Encrypted storage | LUKS evidence and recovery | Task 14 | mapping failure | LUKS |
| 16 | DNF dependencies | repositories/dependency resolution | Task 15 | transaction failure | DNF |
| 17 | RPM database | database recovery | Task 16 | rpmdb failure | RPM |
| 18 | Package verification | ownership and changed files | Task 17 | file drift | rpm -V |
| 19 | Networking | link/address/route/DNS/socket/firewall | Task 18 | multi-layer failure | Network |
| 20 | Packet capture | tcpdump diagnosis | Task 19 | timeout/refused/drop | Packets |
| 21 | Review: Libraries | ELF/shared dependencies | Task 20 + repeat one earlier lab | missing soname | Timed command/file recall |
| 22 | Memory leaks | process memory + valgrind | Task 21 | leaky app | Memory |
| 23 | App debugging | strace/ltrace/coredumps | Task 22 | permission/path failure | Tracing |
| 24 | SELinux | AVC evidence and correction | Task 23 | label/boolean issue | SELinux |
| 25 | PAM | authselect/PAM stack | Task 24 | login failure | PAM |
| 26 | Account policy | aging/expiration/lockout | Task 25 | single-user failure | Accounts |
| 27 | Kdump | crash-dump readiness | Task 26 | kdump not ready | Kernel crash |
| 28 | Review: Support data | sos report + evidence bundle | Task 27 + repeat one earlier lab | escalation drill | Timed command/file recall |
| 29 | Integrated incident | cross-domain troubleshooting | Mock subset | 3 faults | Weak areas |
| 30 | Full simulation | 4-hour integrated work | Mock 5 | reboot/persistence | Final review |
45-Day Balanced
Balanced path with more repeat labs and recovery practice.
| Day | Objective/topic | Theory | Lab | Troubleshooting | Revision |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Official scope + baseline | Verify EX342 objectives; baseline RHCSA skills | Build/clone lab | Baseline facts | Review |
| 2 | Official scope + baseline | Verify EX342 objectives; baseline RHCSA skills | Build/clone lab | Baseline facts | Review |
| 3 | Troubleshooting method | Evidence-first workflow, documentation | Task 01-02 | Misleading symptom drill | Commands |
| 4 | Monitoring | CPU/memory/I/O/process/log interpretation | Task 01 | Resource bottleneck | Metrics |
| 5 | Monitoring | CPU/memory/I/O/process/log interpretation | Task 01 | Resource bottleneck | Metrics |
| 6 | RHEL web console | Cockpit monitoring/admin | Task 03 | cockpit unavailable | Web+CLI |
| 7 | Review: Ansible | Inventory, playbooks, idempotent config | Task 04 + repeat one earlier lab | inventory/SSH failure | Timed command/file recall |
| 8 | Ansible | Inventory, playbooks, idempotent config | Task 04 | inventory/SSH failure | Syntax |
| 9 | Central logging | rsyslog client/server | Task 05 | listener/firewall/config fault | Logs |
| 10 | AIDE | baseline/check/update | Task 06 | legit vs suspicious drift | Files |
| 11 | AIDE | baseline/check/update | Task 06 | legit vs suspicious drift | Files |
| 12 | Startup services | systemd failed units/dependencies | Task 07 | boot-affecting unit | Journals |
| 13 | Rescue/root control | rescue workflow, chroot | Task 08 | no normal login | Recovery |
| 14 | Review: Rescue/root control | rescue workflow, chroot | Task 08 + repeat one earlier lab | no normal login | Timed command/file recall |
| 15 | Boot troubleshooting | mount/initramfs/boot evidence | Task 09 | bad persistent mount | Boot |
| 16 | Hardware | device/driver evidence | Task 10 | missing NIC/disk | dmesg |
| 17 | Hardware | device/driver evidence | Task 10 | missing NIC/disk | dmesg |
| 18 | Kernel modules | lsmod/modinfo/modprobe/persistence | Task 11 | module absent after reboot | Modules |
| 19 | Filesystem recovery | XFS/ext4 safe repair | Task 12 | corruption | Repair |
| 20 | Filesystem recovery | XFS/ext4 safe repair | Task 12 | corruption | Repair |
| 21 | Review: LVM recovery | metadata archives/restore | Task 13 + repeat one earlier lab | missing PV metadata | Timed command/file recall |
| 22 | Encrypted storage | LUKS evidence and recovery | Task 14 | mapping failure | LUKS |
| 23 | Encrypted storage | LUKS evidence and recovery | Task 14 | mapping failure | LUKS |
| 24 | DNF dependencies | repositories/dependency resolution | Task 15 | transaction failure | DNF |
| 25 | RPM database | database recovery | Task 16 | rpmdb failure | RPM |
| 26 | RPM database | database recovery | Task 16 | rpmdb failure | RPM |
| 27 | Package verification | ownership and changed files | Task 17 | file drift | rpm -V |
| 28 | Review: Networking | link/address/route/DNS/socket/firewall | Task 18 + repeat one earlier lab | multi-layer failure | Timed command/file recall |
| 29 | Networking | link/address/route/DNS/socket/firewall | Task 18 | multi-layer failure | Network |
| 30 | Packet capture | tcpdump diagnosis | Task 19 | timeout/refused/drop | Packets |
| 31 | Libraries | ELF/shared dependencies | Task 20 | missing soname | Libraries |
| 32 | Libraries | ELF/shared dependencies | Task 20 | missing soname | Libraries |
| 33 | Memory leaks | process memory + valgrind | Task 21 | leaky app | Memory |
| 34 | App debugging | strace/ltrace/coredumps | Task 22 | permission/path failure | Tracing |
| 35 | Review: App debugging | strace/ltrace/coredumps | Task 22 + repeat one earlier lab | permission/path failure | Timed command/file recall |
| 36 | SELinux | AVC evidence and correction | Task 23 | label/boolean issue | SELinux |
| 37 | PAM | authselect/PAM stack | Task 24 | login failure | PAM |
| 38 | PAM | authselect/PAM stack | Task 24 | login failure | PAM |
| 39 | Account policy | aging/expiration/lockout | Task 25 | single-user failure | Accounts |
| 40 | Kdump | crash-dump readiness | Task 26 | kdump not ready | Kernel crash |
| 41 | Kdump | crash-dump readiness | Task 26 | kdump not ready | Kernel crash |
| 42 | Review: Support data | sos report + evidence bundle | Task 27 + repeat one earlier lab | escalation drill | Timed command/file recall |
| 43 | Integrated incident | cross-domain troubleshooting | Mock subset | 3 faults | Weak areas |
| 44 | Integrated incident | cross-domain troubleshooting | Mock subset | 3 faults | Weak areas |
| 45 | Full simulation | 4-hour integrated work | Mock 5 | reboot/persistence | Final review |
60-Day Moderate
Moderate daily load with deliberate troubleshooting repetition.
| Day | Objective/topic | Theory | Lab | Troubleshooting | Revision |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Official scope + baseline | Verify EX342 objectives; baseline RHCSA skills | Build/clone lab | Baseline facts | Review |
| 2 | Official scope + baseline | Verify EX342 objectives; baseline RHCSA skills | Build/clone lab | Baseline facts | Review |
| 3 | Troubleshooting method | Evidence-first workflow, documentation | Task 01-02 | Misleading symptom drill | Commands |
| 4 | Troubleshooting method | Evidence-first workflow, documentation | Task 01-02 | Misleading symptom drill | Commands |
| 5 | Monitoring | CPU/memory/I/O/process/log interpretation | Task 01 | Resource bottleneck | Metrics |
| 6 | Monitoring | CPU/memory/I/O/process/log interpretation | Task 01 | Resource bottleneck | Metrics |
| 7 | Review: RHEL web console | Cockpit monitoring/admin | Task 03 + repeat one earlier lab | cockpit unavailable | Timed command/file recall |
| 8 | RHEL web console | Cockpit monitoring/admin | Task 03 | cockpit unavailable | Web+CLI |
| 9 | Ansible | Inventory, playbooks, idempotent config | Task 04 | inventory/SSH failure | Syntax |
| 10 | Ansible | Inventory, playbooks, idempotent config | Task 04 | inventory/SSH failure | Syntax |
| 11 | Central logging | rsyslog client/server | Task 05 | listener/firewall/config fault | Logs |
| 12 | Central logging | rsyslog client/server | Task 05 | listener/firewall/config fault | Logs |
| 13 | AIDE | baseline/check/update | Task 06 | legit vs suspicious drift | Files |
| 14 | Review: AIDE | baseline/check/update | Task 06 + repeat one earlier lab | legit vs suspicious drift | Timed command/file recall |
| 15 | Startup services | systemd failed units/dependencies | Task 07 | boot-affecting unit | Journals |
| 16 | Startup services | systemd failed units/dependencies | Task 07 | boot-affecting unit | Journals |
| 17 | Rescue/root control | rescue workflow, chroot | Task 08 | no normal login | Recovery |
| 18 | Rescue/root control | rescue workflow, chroot | Task 08 | no normal login | Recovery |
| 19 | Boot troubleshooting | mount/initramfs/boot evidence | Task 09 | bad persistent mount | Boot |
| 20 | Boot troubleshooting | mount/initramfs/boot evidence | Task 09 | bad persistent mount | Boot |
| 21 | Review: Hardware | device/driver evidence | Task 10 + repeat one earlier lab | missing NIC/disk | Timed command/file recall |
| 22 | Hardware | device/driver evidence | Task 10 | missing NIC/disk | dmesg |
| 23 | Kernel modules | lsmod/modinfo/modprobe/persistence | Task 11 | module absent after reboot | Modules |
| 24 | Kernel modules | lsmod/modinfo/modprobe/persistence | Task 11 | module absent after reboot | Modules |
| 25 | Filesystem recovery | XFS/ext4 safe repair | Task 12 | corruption | Repair |
| 26 | Filesystem recovery | XFS/ext4 safe repair | Task 12 | corruption | Repair |
| 27 | LVM recovery | metadata archives/restore | Task 13 | missing PV metadata | LVM |
| 28 | Review: LVM recovery | metadata archives/restore | Task 13 + repeat one earlier lab | missing PV metadata | Timed command/file recall |
| 29 | Encrypted storage | LUKS evidence and recovery | Task 14 | mapping failure | LUKS |
| 30 | Encrypted storage | LUKS evidence and recovery | Task 14 | mapping failure | LUKS |
| 31 | DNF dependencies | repositories/dependency resolution | Task 15 | transaction failure | DNF |
| 32 | DNF dependencies | repositories/dependency resolution | Task 15 | transaction failure | DNF |
| 33 | RPM database | database recovery | Task 16 | rpmdb failure | RPM |
| 34 | RPM database | database recovery | Task 16 | rpmdb failure | RPM |
| 35 | Review: Package verification | ownership and changed files | Task 17 + repeat one earlier lab | file drift | Timed command/file recall |
| 36 | Package verification | ownership and changed files | Task 17 | file drift | rpm -V |
| 37 | Networking | link/address/route/DNS/socket/firewall | Task 18 | multi-layer failure | Network |
| 38 | Networking | link/address/route/DNS/socket/firewall | Task 18 | multi-layer failure | Network |
| 39 | Packet capture | tcpdump diagnosis | Task 19 | timeout/refused/drop | Packets |
| 40 | Packet capture | tcpdump diagnosis | Task 19 | timeout/refused/drop | Packets |
| 41 | Libraries | ELF/shared dependencies | Task 20 | missing soname | Libraries |
| 42 | Review: Libraries | ELF/shared dependencies | Task 20 + repeat one earlier lab | missing soname | Timed command/file recall |
| 43 | Memory leaks | process memory + valgrind | Task 21 | leaky app | Memory |
| 44 | Memory leaks | process memory + valgrind | Task 21 | leaky app | Memory |
| 45 | App debugging | strace/ltrace/coredumps | Task 22 | permission/path failure | Tracing |
| 46 | App debugging | strace/ltrace/coredumps | Task 22 | permission/path failure | Tracing |
| 47 | SELinux | AVC evidence and correction | Task 23 | label/boolean issue | SELinux |
| 48 | SELinux | AVC evidence and correction | Task 23 | label/boolean issue | SELinux |
| 49 | Review: PAM | authselect/PAM stack | Task 24 + repeat one earlier lab | login failure | Timed command/file recall |
| 50 | PAM | authselect/PAM stack | Task 24 | login failure | PAM |
| 51 | Account policy | aging/expiration/lockout | Task 25 | single-user failure | Accounts |
| 52 | Account policy | aging/expiration/lockout | Task 25 | single-user failure | Accounts |
| 53 | Kdump | crash-dump readiness | Task 26 | kdump not ready | Kernel crash |
| 54 | Kdump | crash-dump readiness | Task 26 | kdump not ready | Kernel crash |
| 55 | Support data | sos report + evidence bundle | Task 27 | escalation drill | sos |
| 56 | Review: Support data | sos report + evidence bundle | Task 27 + repeat one earlier lab | escalation drill | Timed command/file recall |
| 57 | Integrated incident | cross-domain troubleshooting | Mock subset | 3 faults | Weak areas |
| 58 | Integrated incident | cross-domain troubleshooting | Mock subset | 3 faults | Weak areas |
| 59 | Full simulation | 4-hour integrated work | Mock 5 | reboot/persistence | Final review |
| 60 | Full simulation | 4-hour integrated work | Mock 5 | reboot/persistence | Final review |
90-Day Part-Time
Part-time path emphasizing repetition, rebuilds, and retention.
| Day | Objective/topic | Theory | Lab | Troubleshooting | Revision |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Official scope + baseline | Verify EX342 objectives; baseline RHCSA skills | Build/clone lab | Baseline facts | Review |
| 2 | Official scope + baseline | Verify EX342 objectives; baseline RHCSA skills | Build/clone lab | Baseline facts | Review |
| 3 | Official scope + baseline | Verify EX342 objectives; baseline RHCSA skills | Build/clone lab | Baseline facts | Review |
| 4 | Troubleshooting method | Evidence-first workflow, documentation | Task 01-02 | Misleading symptom drill | Commands |
| 5 | Troubleshooting method | Evidence-first workflow, documentation | Task 01-02 | Misleading symptom drill | Commands |
| 6 | Troubleshooting method | Evidence-first workflow, documentation | Task 01-02 | Misleading symptom drill | Commands |
| 7 | Review: Monitoring | CPU/memory/I/O/process/log interpretation | Task 01 + repeat one earlier lab | Resource bottleneck | Timed command/file recall |
| 8 | Monitoring | CPU/memory/I/O/process/log interpretation | Task 01 | Resource bottleneck | Metrics |
| 9 | Monitoring | CPU/memory/I/O/process/log interpretation | Task 01 | Resource bottleneck | Metrics |
| 10 | RHEL web console | Cockpit monitoring/admin | Task 03 | cockpit unavailable | Web+CLI |
| 11 | RHEL web console | Cockpit monitoring/admin | Task 03 | cockpit unavailable | Web+CLI |
| 12 | RHEL web console | Cockpit monitoring/admin | Task 03 | cockpit unavailable | Web+CLI |
| 13 | Ansible | Inventory, playbooks, idempotent config | Task 04 | inventory/SSH failure | Syntax |
| 14 | Review: Ansible | Inventory, playbooks, idempotent config | Task 04 + repeat one earlier lab | inventory/SSH failure | Timed command/file recall |
| 15 | Ansible | Inventory, playbooks, idempotent config | Task 04 | inventory/SSH failure | Syntax |
| 16 | Central logging | rsyslog client/server | Task 05 | listener/firewall/config fault | Logs |
| 17 | Central logging | rsyslog client/server | Task 05 | listener/firewall/config fault | Logs |
| 18 | Central logging | rsyslog client/server | Task 05 | listener/firewall/config fault | Logs |
| 19 | AIDE | baseline/check/update | Task 06 | legit vs suspicious drift | Files |
| 20 | AIDE | baseline/check/update | Task 06 | legit vs suspicious drift | Files |
| 21 | Review: AIDE | baseline/check/update | Task 06 + repeat one earlier lab | legit vs suspicious drift | Timed command/file recall |
| 22 | Startup services | systemd failed units/dependencies | Task 07 | boot-affecting unit | Journals |
| 23 | Startup services | systemd failed units/dependencies | Task 07 | boot-affecting unit | Journals |
| 24 | Startup services | systemd failed units/dependencies | Task 07 | boot-affecting unit | Journals |
| 25 | Rescue/root control | rescue workflow, chroot | Task 08 | no normal login | Recovery |
| 26 | Rescue/root control | rescue workflow, chroot | Task 08 | no normal login | Recovery |
| 27 | Rescue/root control | rescue workflow, chroot | Task 08 | no normal login | Recovery |
| 28 | Review: Boot troubleshooting | mount/initramfs/boot evidence | Task 09 + repeat one earlier lab | bad persistent mount | Timed command/file recall |
| 29 | Boot troubleshooting | mount/initramfs/boot evidence | Task 09 | bad persistent mount | Boot |
| 30 | Boot troubleshooting | mount/initramfs/boot evidence | Task 09 | bad persistent mount | Boot |
| 31 | Hardware | device/driver evidence | Task 10 | missing NIC/disk | dmesg |
| 32 | Hardware | device/driver evidence | Task 10 | missing NIC/disk | dmesg |
| 33 | Hardware | device/driver evidence | Task 10 | missing NIC/disk | dmesg |
| 34 | Kernel modules | lsmod/modinfo/modprobe/persistence | Task 11 | module absent after reboot | Modules |
| 35 | Review: Kernel modules | lsmod/modinfo/modprobe/persistence | Task 11 + repeat one earlier lab | module absent after reboot | Timed command/file recall |
| 36 | Kernel modules | lsmod/modinfo/modprobe/persistence | Task 11 | module absent after reboot | Modules |
| 37 | Filesystem recovery | XFS/ext4 safe repair | Task 12 | corruption | Repair |
| 38 | Filesystem recovery | XFS/ext4 safe repair | Task 12 | corruption | Repair |
| 39 | Filesystem recovery | XFS/ext4 safe repair | Task 12 | corruption | Repair |
| 40 | LVM recovery | metadata archives/restore | Task 13 | missing PV metadata | LVM |
| 41 | LVM recovery | metadata archives/restore | Task 13 | missing PV metadata | LVM |
| 42 | Review: LVM recovery | metadata archives/restore | Task 13 + repeat one earlier lab | missing PV metadata | Timed command/file recall |
| 43 | Encrypted storage | LUKS evidence and recovery | Task 14 | mapping failure | LUKS |
| 44 | Encrypted storage | LUKS evidence and recovery | Task 14 | mapping failure | LUKS |
| 45 | Encrypted storage | LUKS evidence and recovery | Task 14 | mapping failure | LUKS |
| 46 | DNF dependencies | repositories/dependency resolution | Task 15 | transaction failure | DNF |
| 47 | DNF dependencies | repositories/dependency resolution | Task 15 | transaction failure | DNF |
| 48 | DNF dependencies | repositories/dependency resolution | Task 15 | transaction failure | DNF |
| 49 | Review: RPM database | database recovery | Task 16 + repeat one earlier lab | rpmdb failure | Timed command/file recall |
| 50 | RPM database | database recovery | Task 16 | rpmdb failure | RPM |
| 51 | RPM database | database recovery | Task 16 | rpmdb failure | RPM |
| 52 | Package verification | ownership and changed files | Task 17 | file drift | rpm -V |
| 53 | Package verification | ownership and changed files | Task 17 | file drift | rpm -V |
| 54 | Package verification | ownership and changed files | Task 17 | file drift | rpm -V |
| 55 | Networking | link/address/route/DNS/socket/firewall | Task 18 | multi-layer failure | Network |
| 56 | Review: Networking | link/address/route/DNS/socket/firewall | Task 18 + repeat one earlier lab | multi-layer failure | Timed command/file recall |
| 57 | Networking | link/address/route/DNS/socket/firewall | Task 18 | multi-layer failure | Network |
| 58 | Packet capture | tcpdump diagnosis | Task 19 | timeout/refused/drop | Packets |
| 59 | Packet capture | tcpdump diagnosis | Task 19 | timeout/refused/drop | Packets |
| 60 | Packet capture | tcpdump diagnosis | Task 19 | timeout/refused/drop | Packets |
| 61 | Libraries | ELF/shared dependencies | Task 20 | missing soname | Libraries |
| 62 | Libraries | ELF/shared dependencies | Task 20 | missing soname | Libraries |
| 63 | Review: Libraries | ELF/shared dependencies | Task 20 + repeat one earlier lab | missing soname | Timed command/file recall |
| 64 | Memory leaks | process memory + valgrind | Task 21 | leaky app | Memory |
| 65 | Memory leaks | process memory + valgrind | Task 21 | leaky app | Memory |
| 66 | Memory leaks | process memory + valgrind | Task 21 | leaky app | Memory |
| 67 | App debugging | strace/ltrace/coredumps | Task 22 | permission/path failure | Tracing |
| 68 | App debugging | strace/ltrace/coredumps | Task 22 | permission/path failure | Tracing |
| 69 | App debugging | strace/ltrace/coredumps | Task 22 | permission/path failure | Tracing |
| 70 | Review: SELinux | AVC evidence and correction | Task 23 + repeat one earlier lab | label/boolean issue | Timed command/file recall |
| 71 | SELinux | AVC evidence and correction | Task 23 | label/boolean issue | SELinux |
| 72 | SELinux | AVC evidence and correction | Task 23 | label/boolean issue | SELinux |
| 73 | PAM | authselect/PAM stack | Task 24 | login failure | PAM |
| 74 | PAM | authselect/PAM stack | Task 24 | login failure | PAM |
| 75 | PAM | authselect/PAM stack | Task 24 | login failure | PAM |
| 76 | Account policy | aging/expiration/lockout | Task 25 | single-user failure | Accounts |
| 77 | Review: Account policy | aging/expiration/lockout | Task 25 + repeat one earlier lab | single-user failure | Timed command/file recall |
| 78 | Account policy | aging/expiration/lockout | Task 25 | single-user failure | Accounts |
| 79 | Kdump | crash-dump readiness | Task 26 | kdump not ready | Kernel crash |
| 80 | Kdump | crash-dump readiness | Task 26 | kdump not ready | Kernel crash |
| 81 | Kdump | crash-dump readiness | Task 26 | kdump not ready | Kernel crash |
| 82 | Support data | sos report + evidence bundle | Task 27 | escalation drill | sos |
| 83 | Support data | sos report + evidence bundle | Task 27 | escalation drill | sos |
| 84 | Review: Support data | sos report + evidence bundle | Task 27 + repeat one earlier lab | escalation drill | Timed command/file recall |
| 85 | Integrated incident | cross-domain troubleshooting | Mock subset | 3 faults | Weak areas |
| 86 | Integrated incident | cross-domain troubleshooting | Mock subset | 3 faults | Weak areas |
| 87 | Integrated incident | cross-domain troubleshooting | Mock subset | 3 faults | Weak areas |
| 88 | Full simulation | 4-hour integrated work | Mock 5 | reboot/persistence | Final review |
| 89 | Full simulation | 4-hour integrated work | Mock 5 | reboot/persistence | Final review |
| 90 | Full simulation | 4-hour integrated work | Mock 5 | reboot/persistence | Final review |
PART 23 โ EX342 Readiness Checklist
1. Understand and employ general methods for troubleshooting
Consult documentation resources to aid in troubleshooting
- [ ] Understand the concept
- [ ] Can configure/recover it without notes
- [ ] Can verify it
- [ ] Can troubleshoot it from symptoms
- [ ] Can recover from an intentional failure
- [ ] Can complete a practical task under time pressure
- [ ] Can explain persistence/reboot implications
Monitor systems for vital characteristics
- [ ] Understand the concept
- [ ] Can configure/recover it without notes
- [ ] Can verify it
- [ ] Can troubleshoot it from symptoms
- [ ] Can recover from an intentional failure
- [ ] Can complete a practical task under time pressure
- [ ] Can explain persistence/reboot implications
Monitor systems with the RHEL Web console
- [ ] Understand the concept
- [ ] Can configure/recover it without notes
- [ ] Can verify it
- [ ] Can troubleshoot it from symptoms
- [ ] Can recover from an intentional failure
- [ ] Can complete a practical task under time pressure
- [ ] Can explain persistence/reboot implications
Configure systems using Ansible
- [ ] Understand the concept
- [ ] Can configure/recover it without notes
- [ ] Can verify it
- [ ] Can troubleshoot it from symptoms
- [ ] Can recover from an intentional failure
- [ ] Can complete a practical task under time pressure
- [ ] Can explain persistence/reboot implications
Configure systems to send log messages to a centralized host
- [ ] Understand the concept
- [ ] Can configure/recover it without notes
- [ ] Can verify it
- [ ] Can troubleshoot it from symptoms
- [ ] Can recover from an intentional failure
- [ ] Can complete a practical task under time pressure
- [ ] Can explain persistence/reboot implications
Configure systems to monitor files and directories using AIDE
- [ ] Understand the concept
- [ ] Can configure/recover it without notes
- [ ] Can verify it
- [ ] Can troubleshoot it from symptoms
- [ ] Can recover from an intentional failure
- [ ] Can complete a practical task under time pressure
- [ ] Can explain persistence/reboot implications
2. Diagnose and troubleshoot system startup issues
Identify and resolve service failures affecting boot
- [ ] Understand the concept
- [ ] Can configure/recover it without notes
- [ ] Can verify it
- [ ] Can troubleshoot it from symptoms
- [ ] Can recover from an intentional failure
- [ ] Can complete a practical task under time pressure
- [ ] Can explain persistence/reboot implications
Regain root control of a system
- [ ] Understand the concept
- [ ] Can configure/recover it without notes
- [ ] Can verify it
- [ ] Can troubleshoot it from symptoms
- [ ] Can recover from an intentional failure
- [ ] Can complete a practical task under time pressure
- [ ] Can explain persistence/reboot implications
Troubleshoot boot issues
- [ ] Understand the concept
- [ ] Can configure/recover it without notes
- [ ] Can verify it
- [ ] Can troubleshoot it from symptoms
- [ ] Can recover from an intentional failure
- [ ] Can complete a practical task under time pressure
- [ ] Can explain persistence/reboot implications
Identify hardware and hardware problems
- [ ] Understand the concept
- [ ] Can configure/recover it without notes
- [ ] Can verify it
- [ ] Can troubleshoot it from symptoms
- [ ] Can recover from an intentional failure
- [ ] Can complete a practical task under time pressure
- [ ] Can explain persistence/reboot implications
Manage kernel modules and their parameters
- [ ] Understand the concept
- [ ] Can configure/recover it without notes
- [ ] Can verify it
- [ ] Can troubleshoot it from symptoms
- [ ] Can recover from an intentional failure
- [ ] Can complete a practical task under time pressure
- [ ] Can explain persistence/reboot implications
3. Diagnose and troubleshoot file system issues
Recover corrupted file systems
- [ ] Understand the concept
- [ ] Can configure/recover it without notes
- [ ] Can verify it
- [ ] Can troubleshoot it from symptoms
- [ ] Can recover from an intentional failure
- [ ] Can complete a practical task under time pressure
- [ ] Can explain persistence/reboot implications
Recover misconfigured or broken LVM configurations
- [ ] Understand the concept
- [ ] Can configure/recover it without notes
- [ ] Can verify it
- [ ] Can troubleshoot it from symptoms
- [ ] Can recover from an intentional failure
- [ ] Can complete a practical task under time pressure
- [ ] Can explain persistence/reboot implications
Recover data from encrypted file systems
- [ ] Understand the concept
- [ ] Can configure/recover it without notes
- [ ] Can verify it
- [ ] Can troubleshoot it from symptoms
- [ ] Can recover from an intentional failure
- [ ] Can complete a practical task under time pressure
- [ ] Can explain persistence/reboot implications
4. Resolve package management issues
Resolve package management dependency issues
- [ ] Understand the concept
- [ ] Can configure/recover it without notes
- [ ] Can verify it
- [ ] Can troubleshoot it from symptoms
- [ ] Can recover from an intentional failure
- [ ] Can complete a practical task under time pressure
- [ ] Can explain persistence/reboot implications
Recover a corrupted RPM database
- [ ] Understand the concept
- [ ] Can configure/recover it without notes
- [ ] Can verify it
- [ ] Can troubleshoot it from symptoms
- [ ] Can recover from an intentional failure
- [ ] Can complete a practical task under time pressure
- [ ] Can explain persistence/reboot implications
Identify and report changed files
- [ ] Understand the concept
- [ ] Can configure/recover it without notes
- [ ] Can verify it
- [ ] Can troubleshoot it from symptoms
- [ ] Can recover from an intentional failure
- [ ] Can complete a practical task under time pressure
- [ ] Can explain persistence/reboot implications
5. Troubleshoot and fix network connectivity issues
Use standard tools to verify network connectivity
- [ ] Understand the concept
- [ ] Can configure/recover it without notes
- [ ] Can verify it
- [ ] Can troubleshoot it from symptoms
- [ ] Can recover from an intentional failure
- [ ] Can complete a practical task under time pressure
- [ ] Can explain persistence/reboot implications
Identify and fix network connectivity issues
- [ ] Understand the concept
- [ ] Can configure/recover it without notes
- [ ] Can verify it
- [ ] Can troubleshoot it from symptoms
- [ ] Can recover from an intentional failure
- [ ] Can complete a practical task under time pressure
- [ ] Can explain persistence/reboot implications
Inspect network traffic to aid troubleshooting
- [ ] Understand the concept
- [ ] Can configure/recover it without notes
- [ ] Can verify it
- [ ] Can troubleshoot it from symptoms
- [ ] Can recover from an intentional failure
- [ ] Can complete a practical task under time pressure
- [ ] Can explain persistence/reboot implications
6. Diagnose application issues
Identify library dependencies for third-party software
- [ ] Understand the concept
- [ ] Can configure/recover it without notes
- [ ] Can verify it
- [ ] Can troubleshoot it from symptoms
- [ ] Can recover from an intentional failure
- [ ] Can complete a practical task under time pressure
- [ ] Can explain persistence/reboot implications
Identify if an application suffers from memory leaks
- [ ] Understand the concept
- [ ] Can configure/recover it without notes
- [ ] Can verify it
- [ ] Can troubleshoot it from symptoms
- [ ] Can recover from an intentional failure
- [ ] Can complete a practical task under time pressure
- [ ] Can explain persistence/reboot implications
Use standard tools to debug an application
- [ ] Understand the concept
- [ ] Can configure/recover it without notes
- [ ] Can verify it
- [ ] Can troubleshoot it from symptoms
- [ ] Can recover from an intentional failure
- [ ] Can complete a practical task under time pressure
- [ ] Can explain persistence/reboot implications
Identify and fix issues related to SELinux
- [ ] Understand the concept
- [ ] Can configure/recover it without notes
- [ ] Can verify it
- [ ] Can troubleshoot it from symptoms
- [ ] Can recover from an intentional failure
- [ ] Can complete a practical task under time pressure
- [ ] Can explain persistence/reboot implications
7. Identify and fix authentication issues
Identify and fix pluggable authentication module (PAM) issues
- [ ] Understand the concept
- [ ] Can configure/recover it without notes
- [ ] Can verify it
- [ ] Can troubleshoot it from symptoms
- [ ] Can recover from an intentional failure
- [ ] Can complete a practical task under time pressure
- [ ] Can explain persistence/reboot implications
Identify and enforce local user account policies
- [ ] Understand the concept
- [ ] Can configure/recover it without notes
- [ ] Can verify it
- [ ] Can troubleshoot it from symptoms
- [ ] Can recover from an intentional failure
- [ ] Can complete a practical task under time pressure
- [ ] Can explain persistence/reboot implications
8. Gather information to aid third-party investigation of issues
Create kernel crash dumps
- [ ] Understand the concept
- [ ] Can configure/recover it without notes
- [ ] Can verify it
- [ ] Can troubleshoot it from symptoms
- [ ] Can recover from an intentional failure
- [ ] Can complete a practical task under time pressure
- [ ] Can explain persistence/reboot implications
Collect system information to aid in troubleshooting
- [ ] Understand the concept
- [ ] Can configure/recover it without notes
- [ ] Can verify it
- [ ] Can troubleshoot it from symptoms
- [ ] Can recover from an intentional failure
- [ ] Can complete a practical task under time pressure
- [ ] Can explain persistence/reboot implications
Final readiness gate
- [ ] Two full four-hour simulations completed at 85%+ using the practice scoring model
- [ ] No destructive shortcuts used in storage recovery
- [ ] SELinux problems solved while returning to enforcing mode
- [ ] Can use documentation efficiently instead of relying on memorization
- [ ] Can collect evidence before restarting/changing services
- [ ] Can identify the first causal failure in boot/service chains
- [ ] Can perform final reboot/persistence checks within the timer
PART 24 โ Exam-Day Strategy
Officially verified exam facts
- EX342 is hands-on/practical.
- Current public time limit:ย 4 hours.
- Current public base:ย RHEL 10.2.
- Relevant product documentation is provided in the exam environment.
- Outside assistance is not allowed.
- Multiple versions can be in use; review your assigned LMS version/objectives.
- Configurations/services must remain functional through the normal platform lifecycle without manual intervention.
- Current Certification Program Guide says Red Hat exams are graded on the final state and persistence matters.
Practical time-management method โ study guidance, not an official Red Hat scoring rule
- Read all instructions and environment information carefully.
- Identify dependent tasks before changing foundational networking/storage/authentication.
- Complete high-confidence tasks first if dependencies allow.
- Reserve time to troubleshoot and to verify persistence.
- Keep a short scratch list: task โ state โ verification โ reboot check.
- When stuck, stop random changes. Re-read the requirement, collect fresh evidence, and move to another independent task if necessary.
- Perform a final state review.
- Reboot only when appropriate and when you still have time to recover if a hidden persistence problem appears.
Do not infer unpublished scoring weights or confidential task structures from practice material.
PART 25 โ What Not to Study
Required for EX342 โ officially supported by current objectives
- troubleshooting methodology and documentation
- system monitoring
- RHEL web console
- Ansible-based system configuration
- centralized logging
- AIDE
- boot/startup/service recovery
- root/admin recovery mechanisms
- hardware diagnosis
- kernel modules and parameters
- filesystem recovery
- LVM recovery
- encrypted-filesystem data recovery
- DNF/package dependency troubleshooting
- corrupted RPM database recovery
- RPM changed-file identification/reporting
- network troubleshooting
- packet inspection
- application library dependencies
- memory leaks
- application debugging
- SELinux issue diagnosis/fix
- PAM troubleshooting
- local account policies
- kernel crash dumps
- support/diagnostic data collection
Useful background โ do not mistake for a separate objective
- firewalld mechanics
- SSH administration
- normal RHCSA storage/network/user/systemd skills
- shell scripting for small diagnostic helpers
- basic C compilation to create safe debugging lab programs
- sudo and ACLs
- DNS server internals
- detailed performance tooling beyond what is needed to diagnose a fault
Outside the current public EX342 objective list unless needed only as lab background
- OpenShift/Kubernetes administration
- Ceph architecture
- high-availability clustering
- Satellite deployment
- full Identity Management/FreeIPA server deployment
- advanced Ansible Automation Platform controller architecture
- container orchestration
- advanced Linux security hardening certification material
- deep performance-tuning specialization
- enterprise storage products beyond LVM/filesystem/encryption recovery
- cloud-provider administration
Those topics may be useful professionally or appear in other Red Hat certifications, but they should not displace time from current EX342 objectives.
PART 26 โ EX342 vs Other Red Hat Exams
| Exam | Current role in 2026 framework | What it is primarily about |
|---|---|---|
| EX200 | Red Hat Certified System Administrator (RHCSA); foundational requirement for Enterprise Linux RHCE | Core RHEL system administration |
| EX342 | Red Hat Certified Advanced System Administrator in Enterprise Linux; combines with EX200 for RHCE-Enterprise Linux | Advanced RHEL diagnosis, troubleshooting, recovery, evidence collection |
| EX294 | Red Hat Certified Advanced System Administrator in Ansible; combines with EX200 for RHCE-Ansible | Ansible-based administration/automation |
| EX280 | OpenShift administrator credential/foundation of OpenShift Engineer path | OpenShift administration |
| EX380 | Advanced System Administrator in OpenShift; combines with EX280 for RHCE-OpenShift | Advanced OpenShift administration |
Do not study EX294 playbook breadth, EX280 cluster administration, or EX380 OpenShift objectives as substitutes for EX342. EX342 has its own current objective list.
PART 27 โ Training vs Certification Exam
Red Hat training course
โ
Certification exam
โ
Certification credential
- RH342ย is Red Hat’s recommended diagnostics/troubleshooting training course.
- EX342ย is the certification exam.
- Passingย EX342ย awards theย Red Hat Certified Advanced System Administrator in Enterprise Linuxย credential.
- RHCE in Enterprise Linuxย requires the matching foundational RHCSA/EX200 plus EX342.
The current EX342 page recommends RH342 or similar troubleshooting experience. This guide is designed around the second route: independent study and hands-on practice.
PART 28 โ Cost & Exam Registration
Pricing
The current Red Hat Certification Program Guide publishes a standard list price of USD $500 for a Red Hat certification exam and states that the actual price can vary by region and is shown in the shopping cart.
For Japan:
Check the current Red Hat Japan exam purchase page/cart for the applicable JPY price.
A fixed Japan-specific EX342 price was not verified from a public official page during this research pass, so this guide does not guess one.
Delivery methods
Current Red Hat information supports:
- remote individual exams;
- individual testing stations / testing centers;
- classroom/on-site formats where offered.
Availability can depend on exam/region/scheduler.
Remote exam
Current policies require using Red Hat’s remote exam environment and completing the compatibility test. Hardware and technical requirements can change, so use the current booking/remote-exam documentation rather than a static third-party checklist.
Retake
Current policy provides one free retake after an unsuccessful paid first attempt for eligible Individual/Preliminary exams. The program guide states no waiting period after the first failed attempt, but the same exam may not be taken more than once in the same calendar day. Further attempts require a new paid registration and may be subject to a waiting period.
Purchase flow
- Choose the correct current exam/version.
- Purchase through Red Hat or an authorized channel.
- Receive scheduling instructions.
- Choose eligible delivery format/date/location.
- For remote testing, complete the current compatibility test before exam day.
Official:
- https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_learning_subscription/1-latest/html/red_hat_certification_program_guide/index
- https://www.redhat.com/en/about/red-hat-training-policies
- https://www.redhat.com/en/services/certification/individual-exams
PART 29 โ Certification Validity / Currency
Red Hat’s current policy says certifications are current for three years from the date earned.
The 2026 framework introduced more flexible renewal behavior. Current official documentation describes these broad paths:
- retake the exam associated with your highest-level certification;
- earn another certification at the same level;
- advance to a higher-level certification;
- retake the original exam to renew that specific credential where applicable.
Renewal must be completed while the credential is still current; expired/non-current credentials may need to be earned again according to the current policy.
For RHCE-Enterprise Linux, remember the stacking model:
RHCSA / EX200
+
RHCASA Enterprise Linux / EX342
=
RHCE in Enterprise Linux
Always check the live Certification Portal for the exact current-until date on your transcript.
Official framework/renewal sources:
- https://www.redhat.com/en/services/training-and-certification/faq
- https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_learning_subscription/1-latest/html/red_hat_certification_program_guide/index
PART 30 โ Official Resource Map
PART 31 โ Final Master Curriculum Matrix
| Module | Official EX342 objective | Knowledge | Commands | Configuration | Lab | Troubleshooting | Exam practice |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Understand and employ general methods for troubleshooting | Consult documentation resources to aid in troubleshooting; Monitor systems for vital characteristics; Monitor systems with the RHEL Web console; Configure systems using Ansible; Configure systems to send log messages to a centralized host; Configure systems to monitor files and directories using AIDE | man, info, journalctl, dmesg, systemctl, psโฆ | /etc/rsyslog.confโฆ | 4 required labs | Break rsyslog forwarding, corrupt an Ansible inventory entry, stop cockpit.socket, and change an AIDE-monitored file. Diagnose each from observable evidence. | A managed system is not forwarding logs, a required configuration differs from the desired Ansible state, and AIDE reports a file change. Restore and verify all three. |
| 2 | Diagnose and troubleshoot system startup issues | Identify and resolve service failures affecting boot; Regain root control of a system; Troubleshoot boot issues; Identify hardware and hardware problems; Manage kernel modules and their parameters | systemctl –failed, systemctl status, systemctl list-dependencies, journalctl -b, journalctl -b -1, dmesgโฆ | /etc/systemd/system/โฆ | 4 required labs | Introduce an invalid persistent mount or failed required service; recover using console/rescue access. Simulate a wrong kernel-module setting and confirm the effect after reboot. | A VM stops during startup because of a configuration fault. Regain administrative control, identify the failure from evidence, correct it, boot normally, and prove the fix survives another reboot. |
| 3 | Diagnose and troubleshoot file system issues | Recover corrupted file systems; Recover misconfigured or broken LVM configurations; Recover data from encrypted file systems | lsblk -f, blkid, findmnt, mount, umount, xfs_repairโฆ | /etc/fstabโฆ | 4 required labs | Wrong UUID in fstab, missing PV metadata, inactive VG/LV, damaged XFS metadata in a disposable filesystem, incorrect crypttab entry. | Restore three storage failures: a filesystem that will not mount, an LVM stack that is incomplete, and an encrypted volume whose data must remain intact. |
| 4 | Resolve package management issues | Resolve package management dependency issues; Recover a corrupted RPM database; Identify and report changed files | dnf repolist, dnf list, dnf info, dnf repoquery, dnf provides, dnf installโฆ | /etc/dnf/dnf.confโฆ | 4 required labs | Disable a needed repository, create an impossible package dependency in a lab RPM scenario, change a package-owned file, and damage a disposable copy of the RPM database. | Restore package management to a working state and produce evidence identifying which package-owned files had changed. |
| 5 | Troubleshoot and fix network connectivity issues | Use standard tools to verify network connectivity; Identify and fix network connectivity issues; Inspect network traffic to aid troubleshooting | ip link, ip addr, ip route, ip neigh, nmcli, pingโฆ | /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/*.nmconnectionโฆ | 4 required labs | Wrong IP/prefix, missing route, incorrect DNS, stopped listener, firewall block, duplicate address, disabled NetworkManager profile. | A service is reachable from localhost but not from another VM. Identify the failing layer using standard tools and packet capture, fix it, and verify persistence. |
| 6 | Diagnose application issues | Identify library dependencies for third-party software; Identify if an application suffers from memory leaks; Use standard tools to debug an application; Identify and fix issues related to SELinux | ldd, readelf, objdump, file, strace, ltraceโฆ | /etc/ld.so.confโฆ | 4 required labs | Missing shared object, wrong library path, application permission failure, memory leak in a disposable test program, wrong SELinux label. | Diagnose why a third-party service fails after relocation to a nonstandard path, prove the root cause with tracing/log evidence, and restore operation without disabling SELinux. |
| 7 | Identify and fix authentication issues | Identify and fix pluggable authentication module (PAM) issues; Identify and enforce local user account policies | authselect current, authselect check, authselect select, passwd, chage, faillockโฆ | /etc/pam.d/*โฆ | 4 required labs | Expired account, locked user, invalid PAM module reference in a disposable profile, inconsistent authselect state. | A valid local user cannot authenticate. Determine whether the cause is account policy, lockout, PAM stack, or identity lookup; fix only the actual cause and verify. |
| 8 | Gather information to aid third-party investigation of issues | Create kernel crash dumps; Collect system information to aid in troubleshooting | kdumpctl status, systemctl status kdump, journalctl -u kdump, sysctl, grubby, sos reportโฆ | /etc/kdump.confโฆ | 4 required labs | kdump service not ready, invalid dump target in a disposable configuration, insufficient/incorrect crash-kernel setup, sos unable to collect a chosen plugin due to missing package. | Prepare a failing host for escalation: verify crash-dump capability, gather a complete diagnostic archive, and document the minimum evidence needed to reproduce the incident. |
| 9 | All objectives | Cross-domain incident isolation | All as evidence requires | All relevant | Integrated multi-fault labs | Cross-layer root cause | Four-hour simulation |
Coverage audit
- [x]ย 1. Understand and employ general methods for troubleshooting
- [x] Consult documentation resources to aid in troubleshooting
- [x] Monitor systems for vital characteristics
- [x] Monitor systems with the RHEL Web console
- [x] Configure systems using Ansible
- [x] Configure systems to send log messages to a centralized host
- [x] Configure systems to monitor files and directories using AIDE
- [x]ย 2. Diagnose and troubleshoot system startup issues
- [x] Identify and resolve service failures affecting boot
- [x] Regain root control of a system
- [x] Troubleshoot boot issues
- [x] Identify hardware and hardware problems
- [x] Manage kernel modules and their parameters
- [x]ย 3. Diagnose and troubleshoot file system issues
- [x] Recover corrupted file systems
- [x] Recover misconfigured or broken LVM configurations
- [x] Recover data from encrypted file systems
- [x]ย 4. Resolve package management issues
- [x] Resolve package management dependency issues
- [x] Recover a corrupted RPM database
- [x] Identify and report changed files
- [x]ย 5. Troubleshoot and fix network connectivity issues
- [x] Use standard tools to verify network connectivity
- [x] Identify and fix network connectivity issues
- [x] Inspect network traffic to aid troubleshooting
- [x]ย 6. Diagnose application issues
- [x] Identify library dependencies for third-party software
- [x] Identify if an application suffers from memory leaks
- [x] Use standard tools to debug an application
- [x] Identify and fix issues related to SELinux
- [x]ย 7. Identify and fix authentication issues
- [x] Identify and fix pluggable authentication module (PAM) issues
- [x] Identify and enforce local user account policies
- [x]ย 8. Gather information to aid third-party investigation of issues
- [x] Create kernel crash dumps
- [x] Collect system information to aid in troubleshooting
PART 32 โ Final Gold-Standard Fact Check
Exam accuracy
- [x] EX342 currently exists
- [x] Exact current exam name verified
- [x] EX342 credential relationship verified
- [x] RHCE-Enterprise Linux EX200 + EX342 relationship verified
- [x] Current public objectives verified
- [x] Current public RHEL version verified asย RHEL 10.2
- [x] Current time limit verified asย 4 hours
- [x] Performance-based format verified
- [x] Multiple-version/LMS warning included
- [x] Recommended preparation distinguished from mandatory certification stacking
- [x] Current standard list price verified; regional/Japan caveat included
- [x] Current free-retake policy verified
- [x] Three-year certification currency policy verified
Curriculum accuracy
- [x] Every current public top-level EX342 objective covered
- [x] Every current public sub-objective mapped to labs
- [x] No historical RHCE objective inserted as a current EX342 requirement
- [x] Ansible included only because current EX342 explicitly lists it
- [x] SELinux/PAM/AIDE/logging included because current EX342 explicitly lists them
- [x] OpenShift, Ceph, HA clustering, Satellite, deep performance tuning excluded as standalone EX342 requirements
- [x] Labs use original scenarios
- [x] Mock exams do not claim to reproduce Red Hat exam questions
- [x] Dangerous storage/recovery exercises explicitly restricted to disposable/snapshotted lab systems
Integrity
- [x] No confidential exam content
- [x] No leaked questions
- [x] No unpublished scoring algorithm claimed
- [x] No guarantee of passing
- [x] No Red Hat training course presented as mandatory
- [x] Official objectives remain the final authority
Final Beginner โ EX342 Ready Roadmap
RHCSA-Level Administration Baseline
โ
Troubleshooting Method + Evidence
โ
Monitoring + Cockpit
โ
Ansible + Central Logging + AIDE
โ
Boot / Startup / Rescue
โ
Hardware + Kernel Modules
โ
Filesystem + LVM + LUKS Recovery
โ
DNF + RPM Database + File Verification
โ
Network Troubleshooting + Packet Capture
โ
Application Dependencies + Memory + Tracing
โ
SELinux
โ
PAM + Local Account Policies
โ
Kdump + SOS / Support Evidence
โ
Integrated Break/Fix Labs
โ
Timed Original Practice Tasks
โ
Five Mock Exams
โ
Two Clean 4-Hour Simulations
โ
EX342 READY
Code language: PHP (php)
Final rule
Do not memorize fixes. Learn to produce evidence, isolate the failing layer, make the smallest safe repair, and prove the final state.
That is the central skill pattern behind the current EX342 objective set.
I’m Rajesh Kumar, a DevOps, SRE, DevSecOps, Cloud, and Platform Engineering expert passionate about sharing practical knowledge, real-world experiences, and industry best practices. I have worked at Cotocus and regularly write about technology, travel, investing, health, product reviews, and digital marketing through my various platforms.
I publish technical articles at DevOps School, travel stories at Holiday Landmark, stock market insights at Stocks Mantra, health and fitness guidance at My Medic Plus, product reviews at TrueReviewNow, and SEO and digital marketing strategies at Wizbrand.
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