Setup Kubernetes Cluster using kubeadm, calico and rbac in Ubuntu

Prerequisite Setup

#Setup 
#   1. 3 VMs Ubuntu 16.04.5 or 18.04.1.0, 1 master, 2 nodes.
#   2. Static IPs on individual VMs
#   3. /etc/hosts hosts file includes name to IP mappings for VMs
#   4. Swap is disabled
#   5. Take snapshots prior to installations, this way you can install 
#       and revert to snapshot if needed

#Disable swap, swapoff then edit your fstab removing any entry for swap partitions
#You can recover the space with fdisk. You may want to reboot to ensure your config is ok. 
swapoff -a
vi /etc/fstab

#Add Google's apt repository gpg key
curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -

#Add the Kubernetes apt repository
sudo bash -c 'cat <<EOF >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
deb https://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main
EOF'

#Update the package list and use apt-cache to inspect versions available in the repository
sudo apt-get update
apt-cache policy kubelet | head -n 20 
apt-cache policy docker.io | head -n 20 

#Install the required packages, if needed we can request a specific version
sudo apt-get install -y docker.io kubelet kubeadm kubectl
sudo apt-mark hold docker.io kubelet kubeadm kubectl

#Check the status of our kubelet and our container runtime, docker.
#The kubelet will enter a crashloop until it's joined. 
sudo systemctl status kubelet.service 
sudo systemctl status docker.service 

#Ensure both are set to start when the system starts up.
sudo systemctl enable kubelet.service
sudo systemctl enable docker.serviceCode language: PHP (php)

Master Node Setup aka Kubernetes Control Panel Setup

#Only on the master, download the yaml files for the pod network
wget https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.3/getting-started/kubernetes/installation/hosted/rbac-kdd.yaml
wget https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.3/getting-started/kubernetes/installation/hosted/kubernetes-datastore/calico-networking/1.7/calico.yaml

#Look inside calico.yaml and find the network range, adjust if needed.
vi calico.yaml

#Create our kubernetes cluster, specifying a pod network range matching that in calico.yaml!
sudo kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=192.168.0.0/16

#Configure our account on the master to have admin access to the API server from a non-privileged account.
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

#Download yaml files for your pod network
kubectl apply -f rbac-kdd.yaml
kubectl apply -f calico.yaml

#Look for the all the system pods and calico pod to change to Running. 
#The DNS pod won't start until the Pod network is deployed and Running.
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces

#Gives you output over time, rather than repainting the screen on each iteration.
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces --watch

#All system pods should be Running
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces

#Get a list of our current nodes, just the master.
kubectl get nodes 

#Check out the systemd unit, and examine 10-kubeadm.conf
#Remeber the kubelet starts static pod manifests, and thus the core cluster pods
sudo systemctl status kubelet.service 

#check out the directory where the kubeconfig files live
ls /etc/kubernetes

#let's check out the manifests on the master
ls /etc/kubernetes/manifests

#And look more closely at API server and etcd's manifest.
sudo more /etc/kubernetes/manifests/etcd.yaml
sudo more /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml
Code language: PHP (php)

Worker Node Setup

#For this demo ssh into c1-node1
ssh aen@c1-node1

#Disable swap, swapoff then edit your fstab removing any entry for swap partitions
#You can recover the space with fdisk. You may want to reboot to ensure your config is ok. 
swapoff -a
vi /etc/fstab

#Add the Google's apt repository gpg key
curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -

#Add the kuberentes apt repository
sudo bash -c 'cat <<EOF >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
deb https://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main
EOF'

#Update the package list 
sudo apt-get update
apt-cache policy kubelet | head -n 20 

#Install the required packages, if needed we can request a specific version
sudo apt-get install -y docker.io kubelet kubeadm kubectl
sudo apt-mark hold docker.io kubelet kubeadm kubectl

#Check the status of our kubelet and our container runtime, docker.
#The kubelet will enter a crashloop until it's joined
sudo systemctl status kubelet.service 
sudo systemctl status docker.service 

#Ensure both are set to start when the system starts up.
sudo systemctl enable kubelet.service
sudo systemctl enable docker.service

#If you didn't keep the output, on the master, you can get the token.
kubeadm token list

#If you need to generate a new token, perhaps the old one timed out/expired.
kubeadm token create

#On the master, you can find the ca cert hash.
openssl x509 -pubkey -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt | openssl rsa -pubin -outform der 2>/dev/null | openssl dgst -sha256 -hex | sed 's/^.* //'

#Using the master (API Server) IP address or name, the token and the cert has, let's join this Node to our cluster.
sudo kubeadm join 172.16.94.10:6443 \
    --token 9woi9e.gmuuxnbzd8anltdg \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:f9cb1e56fecaf9989b5e882f54bb4a27d56e1e92ef9d56ef19a6634b507d76a9

#Back on master, this will say NotReady until the networking pod is created on the new node. Has to schedule the pod, then pull the container.
kubectl get nodes 

#On the master, watch for the calico pod and the kube-proxy to change to Running on the newly added nodes.
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces --watch

#Still on the master, look for this added node's status as ready.
kubectl get nodes

#GO BACK TO THE TOP AND DO THE SAME FOR c1-node2.
#Just SSH into c1-node2 and run the commands again.
ssh aen@c1-node2
#You can skip the token re-creation if you have one that's still valid.Code language: PHP (php)

Rajesh Kumar

I’m a DevOps/SRE/DevSecOps/Cloud Expert passionate about sharing knowledge and experiences. I have worked at Cotocus. I share tech blog at DevOps School, travel stories at Holiday Landmark, stock market tips at Stocks Mantra, health and fitness guidance at My Medic Plus, product reviews at TrueReviewNow , and SEO strategies at Wizbrand.

Do you want to learn Quantum Computing?

Please find my social handles as below;

Rajesh Kumar Personal Website
Rajesh Kumar at YOUTUBE
Rajesh Kumar at INSTAGRAM
Rajesh Kumar at X
Rajesh Kumar at FACEBOOK
Rajesh Kumar at LINKEDIN
Rajesh Kumar at WIZBRAND

Rajesh Kumar DailyLogs